%To print the format properly, copy
%the following 11-lines job and
%substitute the semicolon token
%(=escape char) for `semi-col'. (2x) 
%                         ---Kees---
%\input blue.fmt 
%\hfuzz10pt
%\title{File: blue.fmt}
%\issue{Version 1.0}
%\beginscript
%\thisverbatim={\catcode`\`semicol'=0
%  \catcode`\!=12
%  \catcode`\|=12
%  \input blue.fmt}
%\beginverbatim
%`semi-col'endverbatim
%\endscript
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%general description%
%Version  Aug 1994           ;nonum
%This file blue.fmt   accompanies
%`BLUe's Format'  EuroTeX'94
%Available from CTAN:
%blue.fmt, fmt.art, plus lit.dat, pic.dat.
%Author: C.G. van der Laan
%        Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB
%        Garnwerd, The Netherlands
%        31 (0)5941 1525 
%        cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Purpose: general independent plain fmt.
%It is composed of 
%-- abbreviations, from tugboat.cmn
%-- manmac.tex (+customization macros)
%-- ppt.tex, my preprint proposal, from
%   TUGboat BLUes
%-- miscellaneous additions
%-- \eqalign family with multi alignment
%   point, from Math into BLUes
%-- icon macros via LaTeX's line fonts
%-- btable.tex, my bordered table macros,
%   from Table Diversions
%-- vrb.tex (my verbatim mode suite), from
%   BLUe's verbatim  
%-- macros for cross-referencing, from
%   BLUe's Cross-Referencing
%-- macros for bibliography handling, from
%   BLUe's Bibliography
%-- gkppic.tex a subset of gkpmac.tex for
%   LaTeX's picture environment 
%-- trs.tex for head transparencies
%-- crs.tex for crosswords via plain
%The problem is to keep the constituent
%collections unaltered.
%For each set a table of contents has 
%been added to locate macros.
%The reason for putting it all in one file 
%is to handle conflicting items and to 
%facilitate fast loading, read make it a 
%format.
%Note. In order to process this file 
%verbatim the semicolon has been reserved 
%as escape character.
%The files have not been ordered alphabe-
%tically, due to the hierarchy.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%general description%
\catcode`\@=11
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%abbreviations%
%;numvrb                                  
%Abbreviations borrowed from tugboat.cmn. 
\newcount\TestCount
\def\smc{\tensmc}
\def\SMC{\ninerm}
\font\tensmc=cmcsc10
\def\AllTeX{(\La)\TeX}
\def\AMS{American Mathematical Society}
\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A}\kern-.1667em%
   \lower.5ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}%
   \kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}}
\def\AmSTeX{\AmS-\TeX}
   \def\AmSLaTeX{\AmS-\LaTeX}%Addition
\def\aw{A\kern.1em-W}
\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty\z@
   \hskip\z@skip Wesley}
\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\smc i%
   \kern-.025emb}\kern-.08em\TeX}}
\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& 
   Typesetting}}
\def\DVItoVDU{DVIto\kern-.12em VDU}
\def\ISBN{{\SMC ISBN} }
%       Japanese TeX
\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex%
   \hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}}
\def\JoT{{\sl The Joy of \TeX}}
\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern
    -.3em\the\scriptfont2 A}\kern-.2em%
    \lower.376ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}%
    \kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}-\TeX}
   \let\LAmsTeX=\LAMSTeX%addition
\def\La{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode 
   L\raise.42ex\hbox{$\fam\TestCount
   \scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}}
\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX}
%       for Robert McGaffey
\def\Mc{\setbox\TestBox=\hbox{M}M\vbox 
   to\ht\TestBox{\hbox{c}\vfil}}
\font\manual=logo10 
% font used for the METAFONT logo, etc.
\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
\def\mf{{\smc Metafont}}
\def\MFB{{\sl The \slMF book}}
%       multilingual (INRS) TeX
\def\mtex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
   \hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX}
\def\pcMF{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox
   {p\kern-.3ptc}MF}
\def\PCTeX{PC\thinspace\TeX}
\def\pcTeX{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox
   {p\kern-.3ptc}\TeX}
\def\Pas{Pascal}
\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex%
   \hbox{I}\kern-.075emC}
\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
\def\plain{{\tt plain}}
\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.\ Box }
\def\POBoxTUG{\POBox\unskip\ 21041, 
   Santa Barbara, CA93121-1041, USA}
\def\PS{{Post\-Script}}
\def\SC{Steering Committee}
\def\SGML{{\SMC SGML}}
\def\SliTeX{{\rm S\kern-.06em{\smc 
   l\kern-.035emi}\kern-.06em\TeX}}
\def\slMF{\MF}
%Use \font\manualsl=logosl10 instead, 
%if it's available, for
%\def\slMF{{\manualsl META}\-{\manualsl 
%   FONT}}
%       Atari ST (Klaus Guntermann)
\def\stTeX{{\smc st\rm\kern-0.13em\TeX}}
\def\TANGLE{{\tt TANGLE}}
\def\TB{{\sl The \TeX book}}
\def\TP{{\sl \TeX\/}: 
   {\sl The Program\/}}
\def\TeX{T\hbox{\kern-.1667em%
   \lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
%       Don Hosek
\def\TeXMaG{\TeX M\kern-.1667em%
   \lower.5ex\hbox{A}\kern-.2267emG}
\def\TeXtures{{\it Textures}}
\let\Textures=\TeXtures
\def\TeXXeT{\TeX--X\kern-.125em%
   \lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}
\def\ttn{{\sl TTN}}
\def\TTN{{\sl \TeX{} and TUG News}}
\def\tubfont{\sl}               
\def\TUB{{\tubfont TUGboat\/}}
\def\TUG{\TeX\ \UG}
\def\UG{Users Group}
\def\UNIX{{\SMC UNIX}}
\def\VAX{\leavevmode\hbox{V\kern-.12em% 
   A\kern-.1em X}}
\def\VorTeX{V\kern-2.7pt\lower.5ex%
   \hbox{O\kern-1.4pt R}\kern-2.6pt\TeX}
\def\XeT{\leavevmode\hbox{X\kern-.125em%
   \lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}}
\def\WEB{{\tt WEB}}
\def\WEAVE{{\tt WEAVE}}     %;nonum
%Although not necessary because of
%alphabetical ordering, I supplied 
%also 
%                               
%Table of contents abbreviations TUG
%\AllTeX..........................7          
%\AMS.............................9         
%\AmS, \AmSTeX...................14 
%\aw.............................16          
%\AW.............................17          
%\BibTeX.....................20, 21 
%\CandT......................23, 24           
%\DVItoVDU.......................26      
%\ISBN...........................28            
%\JTeX.......................31, 32 
%\JoT............................34             
%\LAMSTeX....................36--39  
%\La.........................41--43 
%\LaTeX..........................44 
%\Mc.........................47--48              
%\MF.............................52              
%\mf.............................53                  
%\MFB........................54, 55  
%\mtex.......................57, 58             
%\pcMF.......................60, 61                 
%\PCTeX..........................62 
%\pcTeX......................63, 64 
%\Pas............................66            
%\PiCTeX.........................70 
%\plain..........................72            
%\POBox..........................74            
%\POBoxTUG...................75--76         
%\PS.............................78               
%\SC.............................80               
%\SGML...........................82             
%\SliTeX.....................84, 85 
%\slMF......................%90, 91            
%\stTeX..........................94           
%\TANGLE.........................96 
%\TB.............................98              
%\TP.............................99              
%\TeX......................102, 103  
%\TeXhax........................105 
%\TeXMaG...................108, 109 
%\TeXtures......................111 
%\TeXXeT...................114, 115 
%\ttn...........................117 
%\TTN...........................118 
%\TUB...........................121           
%\TUG...........................123           
%\UG............................125 
%\UNIX..........................127 
%\VAX......................129, 130 
%\VorTeX...................132, 133 
%\XeT......................135, 136 
%\WEB...........................138 
%\WEAVE.........................139 
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%abbreviations%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%manmac%
%;numvrb    
%manmac.tex         cgl@rc.service.rug.nl 
%Knuth's macros for formatting The TeXbook 
%and The METAfont book.
%\catcode`@=11 
%               
\font\tentex=cmtex10
\font\inchhigh=cminch
\font\titlefont=cmssdc10 at 40pt
\font\ninerm=cmr9
\font\eightrm=cmr8
\font\sixrm=cmr6
\font\ninei=cmmi9
\font\eighti=cmmi8
\font\sixi=cmmi6
\skewchar\ninei='177
\skewchar\eighti='177
\skewchar\sixi='177
\font\ninesy=cmsy9
\font\eightsy=cmsy8
\font\sixsy=cmsy6
\skewchar\ninesy='60
\skewchar\eightsy='60
\skewchar\sixsy='60
\font\eightss=cmssq8
\font\eightssi=cmssqi8
\font\ninebf=cmbx9
\font\eightbf=cmbx8
\font\sixbf=cmbx6
\font\ninett=cmtt9
\font\eighttt=cmtt8
\hyphenchar\tentt=-1 % inhibit hyphenation
                     % in typewriter type
\hyphenchar\ninett=-1
\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1
\font\ninesl=cmsl9
\font\eightsl=cmsl8
\font\nineit=cmti9
\font\eightit=cmti8
\font\tenu=cmu10 % unslanted text italic
\font\magnifiedfiverm=cmr5 at 10pt
%Next two not available on my system
%\font\manual=manfnt % font used for the
                    % METAFONT logo, etc.
%\font\cmman=cmman % font used for
%miscellaneous Computer Modern variations
\newskip\ttglue
\def\tenpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}%
  \textfont0=\tenrm\scriptfont0=\sevenrm
              \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni
               \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\tensy\scriptfont2=\sevensy
              \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex\scriptfont3=\tenex
               \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}%
  \textfont\itfam=\tenit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\tensl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\tenbf
   \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}%
  \textfont\ttfam=\tentt
  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \normalbaselineskip=12pt
  \def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}%
  \let\sc=\eightrm
  \let\big=\tenbig
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule 
    height8.5pt depth3.5pt width\z@}%
  \normalbaselines\rm}
\def\ninepoint{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}%
  \textfont0=\ninerm\scriptfont0=\sixrm
             \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\ninei\scriptfont1=\sixi
              \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\ninesy\scriptfont2=\sixsy
             \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex\scriptfont3=\tenex
              \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}%
  \textfont\itfam=\nineit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\ninesl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\ninebf
   \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}%
  \textfont\ttfam=\ninett
  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \normalbaselineskip=11pt
  \def\MF{{\manual hijk}\-{\manual lmnj}}%
  \let\sc=\sevenrm
  \let\big=\ninebig
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt
   depth3pt width\z@}%
  \normalbaselines\rm}
\def\eightpoint{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}%
  \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm
               \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
  \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi
                \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
  \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy
               \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
  \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex
                \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
  \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
  \textfont\itfam=\eightit
  \def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}%
  \textfont\slfam=\eightsl
  \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
  \textfont\bffam=\eightbf
   \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
   \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}%
  \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
  \tt \ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em
  \normalbaselineskip=9pt
  \def\MF{{\manual opqr}\-{\manual stuq}}%
  \let\sc=\sixrm
  \let\big=\eightbig
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt
   depth2pt width\z@}%
  \normalbaselines\rm}
\def\tenmath{\tenpoint\fam-1 } % use after $
                     % in ninepoint sections
\def\tenbig#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5pt{}%
                          \right.\n@space$}}}
\def\ninebig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\tenrm
 \textfont2=\tensy
 \left#1\vbox to7.25pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
\def\eightbig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\ninerm
 \textfont2=\ninesy
 \left#1\vbox to6.5pt{}\right.\n@space$}}}
% Page layout
\newdimen\manmachsize\newdimen\manmacvsize
\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight
\newdimen\manmacparindent\newdimen\ruleht%Cornrules
\manmachsize29pc\manmacvsize44pc\maxdepth2.2pt
\manmacparindent=3pc \ruleht=.5pt
\pagewidth\manmachsize\pageheight\manmacvsize
\abovedisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt
\belowdisplayskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 1pt
\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt
\belowdisplayshortskip=4pt plus 3pt
\newinsert\footins
\def\manmacfootnote#1{\edef\@sf{\spacefactor
 \the\spacefactor}#1\@sf
 \insert\footins\bgroup\eightpoint
 \interlinepenalty100 \let\par=\endgraf
 \leftskip=\z@skip \rightskip=\z@skip
 \splittopskip=10pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
 \floatingpenalty=20000
 \smallskip\item{#1}\bgroup\strut
 \aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
\skip\footins=12pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
% space added when footnote is present
\count\footins=1000
% footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
\dimen\footins=30pc
% maximum footnotes per page
\newinsert\margin
\dimen\margin=\maxdimen
\count\margin=0 \skip\margin=0pt
% marginal inserts take up no space
\newif\iftitle
\def\titlepage{\global\titletrue}
% for pages without headlines
\def\rhead{} % contains the running headline
\def\leftheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
 \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the
                % baseline
 \llap{\tenbf\folio\kern1pc}% folio to
                            % left of text
  \tenit\rhead\hfil% running head flush left
\def\rightheadline{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
 \vbox to 10pt{}% strut to position the
                % baseline
 \hfil\tenit\rhead\/% running head flush
                    % right
 \rlap{\kern1pc\tenbf\folio}% folio to
                            % right of text
\def\onepageout#1{\shipout\vbox{ % here we
               % define one page of output
 \offinterlineskip % butt the boxes together
 \vbox to 3pc{ % this part goes on top of
               % the 44pc pages
  \iftitle % the next is used for title pages
   \global\titlefalse % reset the titlepage
                      % switch
   \setcornerrules % for camera alignment
  \else\ifodd\pageno \rightheadline\else
                     \leftheadline\fi\fi
 \vfill} % this completes the \vbox to 3pc
 \vbox to \pageheight{
  \ifvoid\margin\else%marginal info is present
   \rlap{\kern31pc\vbox to\z@{\kern4pt%
   \box\margin \vss}}\fi
  #1 % now insert the main information
  \ifvoid\footins\else%footnote info is present
   \vskip\skip\footins \kern-3pt
   \hrule height\ruleht width\pagewidth
   \kern-\ruleht \kern3pt
   \unvbox\footins\fi
   \boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth
 } % this completes the \vbox to \pageheight
}\advancepageno}
\def\setcornerrules{\hbox to \pagewidth{%
 \vrule width 1pc height\ruleht
    \hfil \vrule width 1pc}
 \hbox to \pagewidth{\llap{\sevenrm(page
    \folio)\kern1pc}%
 \vrule height1pc width\ruleht depth\z@
    \hfil \vrule width\ruleht depth\z@}}
\def\manmacoutput{\onepageout{\unvbox255}}
\newbox\partialpage
\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup
 \output={\global\setbox\partialpage=
  \vbox{\unvbox255\bigskip}}
 \eject
 \output={\doublecolumnout}%
 \hsize=9cm \vsize=51cm}%cgl mods
\def\enddoublecolumns{\output=
 {\balancecolumns}\eject \endgroup
 \pagegoal=\vsize}
\def\doublecolumnout{\splittopskip=\topskip
 \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth \dimen@=25cm
 \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage
 \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
 \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
 \onepageout\pagesofar
 \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty}
\def\pagesofar{\unvbox\partialpage
 \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to
 \pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}}
\def\balancecolumns{\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox255}
 \dimen@=\ht0
  \advance\dimen@ by\topskip
  \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
  \divide\dimen@ by2 \splittopskip=\topskip
 {\vbadness=10000
 \loop \global\setbox3=\copy0
  \global\setbox1=\vsplit3 to\dimen@
 \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@
  \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt
 \repeat}
 \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}
 \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}
 \pagesofar}
% To produce only a subset of pages,
% put the page numbers on separate
% lines in a file called pages.tex
\let\Shipout=\shipout
\newread\pages \newcount\nextpage
\openin\pages=pages
\def\getnextpage{\ifeof\pages\else
 {\endlinechar=-1\read\pages to\next
  \ifx\next\empty % in this case we should
                  % have eof now
  \else\global\nextpage=\next\fi}\fi}
\ifeof\pages\else\message{OK, I'll ship only
 the requested pages}\getnextpage\fi
\def\shipout{\ifeof\pages
 \let\next=\Shipout\else
 \ifnum\pageno=\nextpage
  \getnextpage\let\next=\Shipout
 \else\let\next=\Tosspage\fi\fi \next}
\newbox\garbage
\def\Tosspage{\deadcycles=0\setbox\garbage=}
% Chapter formatting
% The preface and table of contents are
% formatted in place, not here
\newcount\exno % for the number of exercises
               % in the current chapter
\newcount\subsecno % for the number of
  % subsections in the current chapter
\def\manmacbeginchapter#1 #2#3. #4\par{%
\global\exno=0\subsecno=0\def\chapno{#2#3}
 \ifodd\pageno
  \errmessage{You had too much text on
       that last page, I'm backing up}
  \advance\pageno by-1
 \fi \titlepage
 \def\\{ } % \\'s in the title will be
           % treated as spaces
 \message{#1 #2#3:} % show the chapter
                % title on the terminal
 \def\MF{{\manual 89:%insert semi-col
  <=>:}} % slant the logo
 \xdef\rhead{#1 #2#3: #4\unskip}
 {\def\TeX{T\kern-.2em\lower.5ex%
            \hbox{E}\kern-.06em X}
  \def\MF{{\vbox to30pt{}\manual ()*+,-.*}}
  \def\\{#3}
  \ifx\empty\\
   \rightline{\inchhigh #2\kern-.04em}
  \else\rightline{\inchhigh #2\kern-.06em%
                  #3\kern-.04em}%
  \fi \vskip 1.75pc
  \baselineskip 36pt \lineskiplimit
  \titlelsl \lineskip 12pt
  \let\\=\cr%now the \\'s are line dividers
  \halign{\line{\titlefont\hfil##}\\#4%
   \unskip\\}\vfill\eject} % output the
                   % chapter title page
  \tenpoint\noindent\ignorespaces}% the first
%paragraph of a chapter is not indented
\newdimen\titlelsl \titlelsl=1pt
\outer\def\manmacendchapter{\ifodd\pageno
 \else\vfill\eject\null\fi
 \begingroup\bigskip\vfill % beginning of
                           % the quotes
 \def\eject{\endgroup\eject}
 \def\par{\ifhmode\/\endgraf\fi}\obeylines
 \def\TeX{T\kern-.2em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}%
  \kern-.000em X}
 \def\MF{{\manual opqr}\-{\manual stuq}}
 \eightpoint \let\tt=\ninett
 \baselineskip 10pt
 \parfillskip \z@
 \interlinepenalty 10000
 \leftskip \z@ plus 40pc minus \parindent
 \let\rm=\eightss \let\sl=\eightssi
 \everypar{\sl}}
\def\manmacauthor#1(#2){\smallskip
\noindent\rm--- #1\unskip\enspace(#2)}
\def\dbend{{\manual\char127}}
% dangerous bend sign
\def\d@nger{\medbreak\begingroup
 \clubpenalty=10000
 \def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}
 \noindent\hang\hangafter=-2
 \hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent\dbend
  \hfill}\ninepoint}
\outer\def\danger{\d@nger}
\def\dd@nger{\medbreak\begingroup
 \clubpenalty=10000
 \def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}
 \noindent\hang\hangafter=-2
 \hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent\dbend
  \kern1pt\dbend\hfill}\ninepoint}
\outer\def\ddanger{\dd@nger}
\def\enddanger{\endgraf\endgroup} % omits
                          % the \medbreak
\outer\def\subsection#1. {\medbreak
 \advance\subsecno by 1
 \noindent
 {\it \the\subsecno.\enspace#1.\enspace}}
\def\ansno#1.#2:{\medbreak\noindent
 \hbox to\parindent{\bf\hss#1.#2.\enspace}
 \ignorespaces}
% Composition macros
\hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts
 ap-pen-dix xscaled}
%\def\AmSTeX{$\cal A\kern-.1667em\lower
% .5ex\hbox{$\cal M$}\kern-.075em S$-\TeX}
\def\bull{\vrule height .9ex width .8ex%
 depth -.1ex } % square bullet
\def\SS{{\it SS}} % scriptscript style
\def\|{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\|}}
 % vertical line
\def\dn{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'14}}
 % downward arrow
\def\up{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'13}}
 % upward arrow
\def\]{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\ }}
 % visible space
\def\pt{$\,${\rm pt}} % units of points,
                    % in math formulas
\def\em{$\,${\rm em}} % units of ems,
                    % in math formulas
\def\<#1>{\leavevmode\hbox{$\langle$#1%
 \/$\rangle$}} % syntactic quantity
\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it
 #1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}}
 % hexadecimal constant
\def\cstok#1{\leavevmode\thinspace\hbox{%
 \vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule\kern1pt\hbox{%
 \vphantom{\tt/}\thinspace{\tt#1}%
 \thinspace}}\kern1pt\hrule}\vrule}%
 \thinspace} % control sequence token
{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }}
\def\parbreak{\hfil\break\indent\strut}
\def\stretch{\nobreak\hskip0pt plus2pt\relax}
% macros for non-centered displays
\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines
 \startdisplay}\let\display\begindisplay
{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
 {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup\indent
  ##\hfil&&\qquad##\hfil\cr}}
\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
% (the following \begin...\end-type
%  macros do not appear in Appendix E)
% macros for demonstrating math constructions
\outer\def\beginmathdemo{
 $$\advance\baselineskip by2pt
 \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 160pt{##\hfil}&
  $##$\hfil\cr\noalign{\vskip-2pt}
}\let\mathdemo\beginmathdemo
\outer\def\begindisplaymathdemo{
 $$\advance\baselineskip by15pt
 \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 160pt{##\hfil
  }$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\cr
  \noalign{\vskip-15pt}
\outer\def\beginlongmathdemo{
 $$\advance\baselineskip by2pt
 \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 210pt{##\hfil
  }$##$\hfil\cr\noalign{\vskip-2pt}
\outer\def\beginlongdisplaymathdemo{
 $$\advance\baselineskip by15pt
 \halign\bgroup\indent\hbox to 210pt{##\hfil
  }$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\cr
  \noalign{\vskip-15pt}
\outer\def\endmathdemo{\egroup$$}
% macros for font tables
\def\oddline#1{\cr
 \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
 \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
 \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{%
        \hex{#1x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
 \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
\def\evenline{\cr\noalign{\hrule}}
\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}}
\def\beginchart#1{$$\postdisplaypenalty=-10000
 \global\count@=0 #1
 \halign to\hsize\bgroup
  \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt&
           &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
  \lower6.5pt\null
  &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&
     \oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
\def\endchart{\raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&
 \hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&&\hex C&&\hex D&&
 \hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$}
\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\char\count@}%
 \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition
 \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi
 \box0\global\advance\count@ by1 }
\def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter
 {\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}
\def\normalchart{%
 &\oct{00x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline0
 &\oct{01x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{02x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline1
 &\oct{03x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{04x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline2
 &\oct{05x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{06x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline3
 &\oct{07x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{10x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline4
 &\oct{11x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{12x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline5
 &\oct{13x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{14x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline6
 &\oct{15x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline
 &\oct{16x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&&\oddline7
 &\oct{17x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&
  \:&\evenline}
% (now Appendix E resumes again)
% macros for verbatim scanning
\chardef\other=12
\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup
 \catcode`\\=\other
 \catcode`\{=\other
 \catcode`\}=\other
 \catcode`\$=\other
 \catcode`\&=\other
 \catcode`\#=\other
 \catcode`\%=\other
 \catcode`\~=\other
 \catcode`\_=\other
 \catcode`\^=\other
 \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
\outer\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf
 \ttverbatim \parskip=\z@
 \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip-5pc \ttfinish}
{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other
 % | is temporary escape character
 |obeylines % end of line is active
 |gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}%
 |endgroup$$}}
\catcode`\|=\active
{\obeylines \gdef|{\ttverbatim 
 \spaceskip=\ttglue 
\let^^M=\  \let|=\endgroup}}
% macros for syntax rules (again, not in
%                            Appendix E)
\def\[#1]{\silenttrue\xref|#1|\thinspace
 {\tt#1}\thinspace} % keyword in syntax
\def\beginsyntax{\endgraf\nobreak\medskip
 \begingroup \catcode`<=13 \catcode`[=13
 \let\par=\endsyntaxline \obeylines}
\def\endsyntaxline{\futurelet\next
 \syntaxswitch}
\def\syntaxswitch{\ifx\next\<\let\next=
 \syntaxrule\else
 \ifx\next\endsyntax\let\next=\endgroup
 \else\let\next=\continuerule
 \fi\fi \next
\def\continuerule{\hfil\break\indent\qquad}
\def\endsyntax{\medbreak\noindent}
{\catcode`<=13 \catcode`[=13
 \global\let<=\< \global\let[=\[
 \gdef\syntaxrule<#1>{\endgraf\indent
 \silentfalse\xref%Mod cgl
 \<#1>}}
\def\is{\ $\longrightarrow$ }
\def\alt{\ $\vert$ }
% macros to demarcate lines quoted from
% TeX source files
\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak
 \medskip\parindent\z@ \obeylines
 \hrule\kern1pt\nobreak \everypar{\strut}}
\def\endlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup
 \medbreak\noindent}
\def\weakendlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup
 \medskip\noindent}
\def\finalendlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup
 \medbreak}
\outer\def\exercise{\medbreak
 \global\advance\exno by 1
 \noindent\llap{\manual\char'170
        \rm\kern.15em}% triangle in margin
 {\ninebf EXERCISE \bf\chapno.\the\exno}\par
 \nobreak\noindent}
\def\dexercise{\global\advance\exno by 1
 \llap{\manual\char'170
  \rm\kern.15em}% triangle in indented space
 {\eightbf EXERCISE \bf\chapno.\the\exno}\hfil
  \break}
\outer\def\dangerexercise{\d@nger\dexercise}
\outer\def\ddangerexercise{\dd@nger\dexercise}
\newwrite\ans
\immediate\openout\ans=answers
 % file for answers to exercises
\outer\def\answer{\par\medbreak
 \immediate\write\ans{}
 \immediate\write\ans{\string\ansno
  \chapno.\the\exno:}\copytoblankline}
\def\copytoblankline{\begingroup\setupcopy
 \copyans}
\def\setupcopy{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=
 \other}\dospecials
 \catcode`\|=\other \obeylines}
{\obeylines \gdef\copyans#1
 {\def\next{#1}%
  \ifx\next\empty\let\next=\endgroup
  \else\immediate\write\ans{\next}%
   \let\next=\copyans
  \fi\next}}
% Macros for drawing figures (not in
%                        Appendix E)
\def\hidehrule#1#2{\kern-#1\hrule
 height#1 depth#2 \kern-#2 }
\def\hidevrule#1#2{\kern-#1{\dimen0=#1
 \advance\dimen0 by#2\vrule width\dimen0}%
 \kern-#2 }
% \makeblankbox puts rules at the edges of
% a blank box whose dimensions are those
% of \box0 (assuming nonnegative wd,ht,dp)
% #1 is rule thickness outside,
% #2 is rule thickness inside
\def\makeblankbox#1#2{\hbox{\lower\dp0
 \vbox{\hidehrule{#1}{#2}%
  \kern-#1% overlap the rules at the corners
  \hbox to\wd0{\hidevrule{#1}{#2}%
  \raise\ht0\vbox to #1{}% set the vrule height
  \lower\dp0\vtop to #1{}% set the vrule depth
  \hfil\hidevrule{#2}{#1}}%
  \kern-#1\hidehrule{#2}{#1}}}}
\def\maketypebox{\makeblankbox{0pt}{1pt}}
\def\makelightbox{\makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}}
% \box\bigdot is a null box with a bullet
% at its reference point
\newbox\bigdot \newbox\smalldot
\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{}$}
% \ht0 is the axis height
\setbox1=\hbox to\z@{$\hss\bullet\hss$}
% bullet is centered on the axis
\setbox\bigdot=\vbox to\z@{\kern-\ht1
 \kern\ht0 \box1 \vss}
\setbox1=\hbox to\z@{$\hss\cdot\hss$}
% cdot is centered on the axis
\setbox\smalldot=\vbox to\z@{\kern-\ht1
 \kern\ht0 \box1 \vss}
% \arrows makes things like <--- text --->
\def\arrows#1#2{% #1=width, #2=text
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\mathord
                -\mkern-2mu$}
 \hbox to #1{\kern-.055556em$\leftarrow
  \mkern-6mu$\cleaders\copy0\hfil
  \kern.4em #2\kern.4em\cleaders\copy0\hfil
  $\mkern-6mu\rightarrow$\kern-.055556em}}}
% \samplebox makes the outline of a box,
% with big dot at reference point
\def\samplebox#1#2#3#4{% #1=ht, #2=dp, #3=wd,
% #4=text
 {\setbox0=\vtop{\vbox to #1{\hbox to #3{}
  \vss}\nointerlineskip\vbox to #2{}}
  % now \box0 has the desired ht, dp, and wd
 \hbox{\copy\bigdot
  \vrule height.2pt depth.2pt width#3%
  \kern-#3\makelightbox\kern-#3%
  \raise#1\vbox{\hbox to #3{\hss#4\hss}
   \kern 3pt}}}}
% \sampleglue makes glue between sample boxes
\newdimen\varunit
\varunit=\hsize
\advance\varunit by-2\parindent
\divide\varunit by 58 % illustrations in
                      % Chapter 12
\def\sampleglue#1#2{% #1=width, #2=text
 \vtop{\hbox to #1{\xleaders\hbox to
 .5\varunit{\hss\copy\smalldot\hss}\hfil}
 \kern3pt
 \tabskip \z@ plus 1fil
 \halign to #1{\hfil##\cr#2\cr}}}
% Indexing macros
\newif\ifproofmode
\proofmodetrue % this should be false when
               % making camera-ready copy
\newwrite\inx
\immediate\openout\inx=index % file for
               % index reminders
\newif\ifsilent
\def\specialhat{\ifmmode\def\next{^}\else
 \let\next=\beginxref\fi\next}
\def\beginxref{\futurelet\next
 \beginxrefswitch}
\def\beginxrefswitch{\ifx\next\specialhat
   \let\next=\silentxref\else
 \silentfalse\let\next=\xref\fi \next}
\catcode`\^=\active \let ^=\specialhat
\def\silentxref^{\silenttrue\xref}
\def\marginstyle{\vrule height6pt depth2pt
 width\z@ \sevenrm}
\chardef\bslash=`\\
\def\xref{\futurelet\next\xrefswitch}
\def\xrefswitch{\begingroup
 \ifx\next|\aftergroup\vxref
  % case 1 or 2, |arg| or |\arg|
 \else\ifx\next\<\aftergroup\anglexref
   % case 3, "\<arg>" means angle brackets
  \else\aftergroup\normalxref
 \fi\fi\endgroup} % case 0, "{arg}"
\def\vxref|{\catcode`\\=\active
 \futurelet\next\vxrefswitch}
\def\vxrefswitch#1|{\catcode`\\=0
 \ifx\next\empty\def\xreftype{2}%
  \def\next{{\tt\bslash\text}}% type 2,
                              % |\arg|
 \else\def\xreftype{1}\def\next{%
        {\tt\text}}\fi % type 1, |arg|
 \edef\text{#1}\makexref}
{\catcode`\|=0 \catcode`\\=\active |gdef\{}}
\def\anglexref\<#1>{\def\xreftype{3}%
 \def\text{#1}\def\next{\<\text>}\makexref}
\def\normalxref#1{\def\xreftype{0}%
 \def\text{#1}\let\next=\text\makexref}
\def\makexref{\ifproofmode\insert\margin
  {\hbox{\marginstyle\text}}%
  \ifindexfile        %Mod cgl oct 94
    \xdef\writeit{\write\inx{\text\space!%
   \xreftype\space\noexpand\number\pageno.%
  }}\writeit
  \else\advance\inxcnt1 
     \ea\xdef\csname\the\inxcnt\endcsname
            {\text\space!\xreftype\space}%
     \mark{\the\inxcnt}%
  \fi\else\ifhmode\kern0pt\fi\fi
 \ifsilent\ignorespaces\else\next\fi}
% the \insert (which is done in proofmode
% only) suppresses hyphenation, so the
% \kern\z@ is put in to give the same effect
% in non-proofmode.
% Internal cross references that may change
\def\sesame{61}
 % page number for Sesame Street quote
\def\bmiexno{20}
 % exercise number for bold math italic
\def\punishexno{1}
 % exercise number for `punishment'
\def\fracexno{6}
 % exercise number for `\frac'
\def\vshippage{31}
 % error message from `\vship'
\def\storypage{24}
 % listing of story.tex
\def\metaT{4}
 % exercise number for T of METAFONT
\def\xwhat{2}
 % exercise number for x3:=whatever
\def\Xwhat{2}
 % exercise number for whatever itself
\def\checkequals#1#2{\ifnum#1=#2\else
 \errmessage{Redefine \string#1 to be
  \the#2}\fi}
%Things for The METAFONTbook only 
%(omitted)                       ;nonum
%Contents manmac.tex   
%               cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Font definition ................7-58
%Size switching macros ........60-154
%Page layout (and OTR) .......156-282
%-parameters..................159-193
%-\manmacfootnote.............167-176
%-\margin (insert)............185-188
%-\titlepage......................191
%-\leftheadline...............195-201
%-\rightheadline..............202-209
%-\onepageout.................211-235
%-\setcornerrules.............237-243
%-\manmacoutput...................245
%-\begindoublecolumns.........248-253
%-\enddoublecolumns...........254-256
%-\doublecolumnout............258-264
%-\pagesofar..................265-267
%-\balancecolumns.............268-281
%Subset of pages..............283-304
%-\Shipout........................286
%-\getnextpage................289-295
%-\shipout....................297-301
%-\Tosspage.......................304
%Chapter formatting ..........306-393
%-\manmacbeginchapter.........315-344
%-\manmacendchapter...........348-363
%-\author....................365, 366
%-\dbend......................368-385
%-\subsection.................387-393
%Composition macros...........395-431
%-\AmSTeX....................399, 400
%-\bull......................401, 402
%-\SS.............................403
%-\vrt............................404
%-\dn........................406, 407
%-\up........................408, 409
%-\]..............................410
%-\pt........................413, 414
%-\em........................415, 416
%-\<#1>......................417, 418
%-\oct.......................419, 420
%-\hex............................421
%-\cstok......................423-427
%-\parbreak..................429, 430
%-\stretch........................431
%Macros for non-centered 
%   displays..................433-439
%-\begindisplay..............434, 435
%-\startdisplay...............436-438
%-\enddisplay.....................440
%Macros for showing math 
%   constructions.............441-466
%-\beginmathdemo..............444-448
%-\begindisplaymathdemo.......449-454
%-\beginlongmathdemo..........455-459
%-\beginlongdisplaymathdemo...460-465
%-\endmathdemo....................466
%Macros for font tables.......468-526
%-\oddline....................469-474
%-\evenline.......................475
%-\chartstrut.....................476
%-\beginchart.................477-484
%-\endchart...................485-487
%-\:..........................488-491
%-\reposition................492, 493
%-\normalchart................494-526
%Macros for verbatim scanning.529-555
%-\ttverbatim.................531-542
%-\begintt....................544-546
%-\ttfinish...................547-551
%Macros for syntax rules......557-579
%-\[#1]......................559, 560
%-\beginsyntax................561-563
%-\endsyntaxline.............564, 565
%-\syntaxswitch...............566-570
%-\continuerule...................572
%-\endsyntax......................573
%-<, [............................575
%-\syntaxrule................576, 577
%-\is.............................578
%-\alt............................579
%Macros to demarcate lines quoted 
%   from \TeX{} source files..581-591
%-\beginlines................583, 585
%-\endlines..................586, 587
%-\weakendlines..............588, 589
%-\finalendlines.............590, 591
%Macros to mark up exercises 
%   and answers...............593-624
%-\exercise..................593, 598
%-\dexercise..................599-603
%-\dangerexercise.................604
%-\ddangerexercise................605
%-\answer.....................610-613
%-\copytoblankline...........614, 615
%-\setupcopy..................616-618
%-\copyans....................619-624
%Macros for drawing figures...626-696
%-\hidehrule.................628, 629
%-\hidevrule..................630-632
%-\makeblankbox...............638-645
%-\maketypebbox...................646
%-\makelightbox...................647
%-\bigdot....................656, 657
%-\smalldot..................660, 661
%-\arrows.....................664-670
%-\samplebox..................674-683
%-\sampleglue.................691-696
%Indexing macros..............698-752
%-\ifproofmode, \ifsilent....698, 704
%-\inx............................701
%-\specialhat................706, 707
%-\beginxref.................708, 709
%-\beginxrefswitch............710-712
%-^...............................713
%-\silentxref.....................714
%-\marginstyle...............716, 717
%-\bslash.........................719
%-\xref...........................720
%-\xrefswitch.................721-727
%-\vxref.....................728, 729
%-\vxrefswitch................730-736
%-\anglexref.................738, 739
%-\normalxref................740, 741
%-\makexref...................742-754
%Internal cross-references that 
%   may change................760-782
%Customization of \beginchapter and
%\endchapter from Manmac BLUes.
\outer\def\beginchapter#1 #2#3. #4\par{%
 \def\chapno{#2#3}\global\exno0 \subsecno0
 \def\hl{\gdef\hl{\the\issue\hfil\it\rhead}}
 \headline{\hl}
 \def\\{ }\xdef\rhead{#4}
 \centerline{\titlefont
  #1 #2#3\quad #4}
 \bigskip\tenpoint\noindent\ignorespaces}
\footline{\fiverm\rlap{\the\year}\hfil
 --\folio--\hfil\llap{\copyright cgl}}
\outer\def\endchapter{\vfill\eject\vfill}
%\output{\plainoutput}
\hsize18cm \pagewidth\hsize
\vsize25cm \pageheight\vsize
%\issue{MAPS 93.1}
%History of changes
%1994 Table of contents added and
%     names of footnote and output 
%     provided with unique prefix manmac.
%     Customization \beginchapter added.
%1993 Adapted for twocolumn layout.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%manmac%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%ppt.tex          cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%;numvrb
%Adapted  TUGboat.sty, 2-column bias
%\xcol is the column no within a page, 
%ranges from 1 to \maxcols (=1 or 2).     
\newcount\xcol    
\newcount\maxcols 
\newdimen\pagewd
\newdimen\colwd 
\newdimen\intercolwd               
%\catcode`\@=11
% remove \outer
\def\newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}   
\def\boxcs#1{\box\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\setboxcs#1{\setbox\csname#1\endcsname}
\def\newboxcs#1{\expandafter 
   \newbox\csname#1\endcsname}
\newboxcs{column1}
\newboxcs{column2}
\def\midpage#1{\vbox{\ifnum\xcol=\maxcols 
   \the\headline\else\null\vskip\baselineskip
   \fi\kern2ex
   \vbox to\vsize{%
      \hbox to\pagewd{#1}\vss}                      
   \kern1ex
   \ifnum\xcol=\maxcols
   \the\footline\else\vskip4ex\fi}}
\headline={\hbox to\pagewd{\sevenrm
   \the\issue\hfill{\it\the\title}}}
\newtoks\pagenumber\pagenumber{\folio}
\footline={\hbox to\pagewd{\fiverm
\rlap{Draft \today}\hfill--\the\pagenumber
   --\hfill\llap{\copyright cgl}}}
\def\today{\ifcase\month\or Jan\or Feb\or
   March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or 
   Aug\or Sept\or Oct\or Nov\or Dec\fi
   \space\number\day, \number\year}
\def\newcol{\endgraf\vfill\eject}
\def\newpage{\vfill\eject
  \loop
  \ifnum\xcol>1
    {\leavevmode\endgraf\vfill\eject} 
  %\xcol is advanced in the output routine
  \repeat}
% horizontal offset of column 
% from left edge of page
\newdimen\coloffset \coloffset=\z@
\def\incrcoloffset{%
  \global\advance\coloffset\colwd
  \global\advance\coloffset\intercolwd}
\output={\global\setboxcs{column\number\xcol}=
  \midpage{\kern\coloffset\pagebody\hfil}
  \incrcoloffset
  \ifnum\xcol=\maxcols 
    \shipout\hbox{\global\xcol=\@ne
      \loop\rlap{\boxcs{column\number\xcol}}%
      \ifnum\xcol<\maxcols
          \global\advance\xcol\@ne
      \repeat
      \hbox to\pagewd{\hss}}%
    \global\advance\count0\@ne
    \global\coloffset\z@
    \global\xcol=\@ne
  \else
    \global\advance\xcol\@ne
  \fi}
%title, header and miscellaneous
\newtoks\title\newtoks\subtitle
\newtoks\author\newtoks\address
\newtoks\netaddress\newtoks\issue
\newtoks\thisscript\newtoks\everyscript
\newtoks\prehead\newtoks\posthead
\newtoks\presubhead\newtoks\postsubhead
\newtoks\presubsubhead\newtoks\postsubsubhead
\def\pasteupkeywords{\box\keywordsbox}
\def\pasteupabstract{\box\abstractbox}
\def\pasteupcontents{\unvbox\contentsbox}
%;vrblin100
\def\beginscript{\lastscript
   \the\everyscript\begingroup
   \the\thisscript
   \hrule\kern2ex\noindent
   {\titlefont\the\title
   {\subtitlefont\the\subtitle}}
   \medskip\the\author
   \medskip\pasteupkeywords
   \medskip\pasteupabstract
   \medbreak\pasteupcontents\smallbreak}
\def\endscript{\makesignature
   \xcol=\maxcols
   \vfil\eject\endgroup\tracingstats1
   \stop\thisscript{}}
\def\notlastscript{\global\let\stop\relax}
\def\lastscript{\global\let\stop\end}
\prehead{\vskip0pt plus5ex
   \penalty-250\vskip0pt plus1ex
   \bigskip\noindent}
\posthead{\medskip\nobreak
   \noindent\ignorewhitespace}
\def\beginhead{\the\prehead\bgroup
   \headfont}
\def\endhead{\egroup\the\posthead}
\presubhead{\vskip0pt plus2ex
   \penalty-100\vskip0pt plus1ex
   \medskip\vskip\parskip\noindent}
\def\beginsubhead{\the\presubhead
   \bgroup\subheadfont}
\def\endsubhead{\egroup}
\presubsubhead{\vskip0pt plus5pt
   \penalty-50\vskip0pt plus1pt
   \smallskip\vskip\parskip}
\def\beginsubsubhead{\the\presubsubhead
   \bgroup\subsubheadfont}
\def\endsubsubhead{\egroup}
%;vrblin150
\def\head#{\beginhead\bgroup\ag\endhead
   \afterassignment\ignorespaces
   \let\dummy=}
\def\subhead#{\beginsubhead\bgroup\ag
   \endsubhead\afterassignment\ignorespaces
   \let\dummy=} 
\def\subsubhead#{\beginsubsubhead\bgroup
    \ag\endsubsubhead\let\dummy=}
\def\script#{\beginscript\bgroup\ag\endscript
   \afterassignment\ignorespaces
   \let\dummy=}
\long\def\ignorepars#1{\ifx\par#1\let\next\relax
   \else\let\next#1\sraperongi\fi\ignorepars}
\long\def\sraperongi#1\ignorepars{\fi\next}
{\catcode`\^=7 \gdef\ignorewhitespace{\begingroup
%Due to Phil Taylor EuroTeX 94
\catcode`\ =9   %space
\catcode`\^^I=9 %tab
\catcode`\^^L=9 %f-feed
\catcode`\^^M=9 %e-o-l
\futurelet\dummy\endgroup}}
%;vrblin200
\def\tubissue#1(#2){\TUB~#1, no.~#2}
\def\\{\hfil\break}
\def\makesignature{\medskip
   \rightline{\hbox to.5\hsize{\strut
      \llap{$\diamond$\quad}\the\author\hss}}
   \rightline{\vbox{\noindent
     \hsize=.5\hsize
     \the\address\endgraf\noindent
     \the\netaddress}}}
% Defaults
%                         %;vrblin250
\def\onecol{\maxcols=1 
    \hsize=16cm
    \pagewd=\hsize
    \colwd=\hsize
    \vsize=25cm
    \xcol=1
\hyphenchar\tentt='055
\hyphenchar\ninett='055
\hyphenchar\eighttt='055
\tolerance500
\hbadness=499
\hfuzz=4pt
\def\twocol{\maxcols=2
    \hsize=9cm\colwd=\hsize
    \intercolwd=.5cm
    \pagewd=18.5cm
    \vsize=25cm \xcol=1
\hyphenchar\tentt='055
\hyphenchar\ninett='055
\hyphenchar\eighttt='055
\tolerance500
\hbadness=499
\hfuzz=5pt
\author{Kees van der Laan}
\address{Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB\\
         Garnwerd, The Netherlands}
\netaddress{cgl@rc.service.rug.nl\\
            31 5941 1525}
%\catcode`\@=12
\hoffset-1cm \voffset-1cm
\parindent1pc
\let\titlefont\bf
\let\headfont\bf
\let\subheadfont\bf
\let\subsubheadfont\bf
\let\subtitlefont\rm
\twocol
%\endinput                     
%;nonum                             
%Contents ppt cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%- OTR
%   \boxcs........................14   
%   \setboxcs.....................15
%   \newboxcs.....................16
%   \midpage...................21-28
%   \headline..................30-31   
%   \footline..................34-36  
%   \pagenumber...................33
%   \today.....................37-41   
%   \newcol.......................42  
%   \newpage...................44-49   
%   \incrcoloffset.............53-55  
%   \output....................57-72   
%- Markup structures
%   \title, \subtitle.............75   
%   \author.......................76
%   \address, \netaddress.........77     
%   \issue........................77   
%   \thisscript, \everyscript.....78   
%   \prehead, \posthead...........79
%   \presubhead...................80
%   \presubsubhead................81
%   \pasteupkeywords..............82  
%   \pasteupabstract..............83  
%   \pasteupcontents..............84  
%   \beginscript.............101-110   
%   \endscript...............111-114  
%   \notlastscript...............115   
%   \lastscript..................116   
%   \prehead.................117-119  
%   \posthead................120-121   
%   \presubhead..............124-126   
%   \beginhead...............122-123   
%   \endhead.....................124  
%   \beginsubhead............127-128   
%   \endsubhead..................129   
%   \beginsubsubhead.........133-134   
%   \endsubsubhead...............135  
%   \script..................159-161
%   \head....................151-153   
%   \subhead.................154-156  
%   \subsubhead..............157-158 
%   \ignorepars..............159-160
%   \sraperongi..................161
%   \ignorewhitespace........162-169
%- Miscellaneous
%   \tubissue....................201
%   \\...........................202  
%   \makesignature...........203-209   
%- Defaults
%   \onecol..................251-263  
%   \twocol..................265-277  
%- Initializations           278-289
%   \author......................278
%   \address.................279-280
%   \netaddress..............281-282
%   \headfont....................286
%   \subheadfont.................287
%   \subsubheadfont..............288
%   \parindent...................285
%   \hoffset, \voffset...........284
%Split-off---inner level---are
% - tugboat.cmn abbreviations
% - size switching macros
% - \beginquote...\endquote
% - \bitem (essentially plain's \item)
% - verbatim mode macros
% - (bibliography macros,
%    \beginbtable...\endbtable,
%     ...)
%Author: C.G van der Laan 
%        Hunzeweg 57, 9893P 
%        Garnwerd The Netherlands
%        cgl@rc.service.rug.nl, 05941-1525
%History of changes
%July 1994 No parameter separators for
%        \head etc.
%        \beginscript, \endscript instead
%        of \article, \endarticle.
%        Token variables for \prehead
%        \posthead, \presubhead
%        \presubsubhead.
%June 1994 Name changed into ppt.tex
%May 94 \runhead and \runfoot changed 
%       into \headline and \footline
%       compatible with plain.
%March 94 Essential set up 
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%ppt.tex%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Additions%
%Additions to ppt
%Shorcuts                    ;numvrb
\let\ea=\expandafter\let\nx=\noexpand 
\let\ag=\aftergroup
\def\dash{--}\def\Dash{---}
\newtoks\contentsname
\newtoks\abstractname\newtoks\keywordsname
\def\DeK{D\kern-.11em\lower.5ex\hbox
   {E}\kern-.1em K}   %;vrblin=50
\def\tiny{\fiverm\baselineskip7pt\let\it
  \fivei\let\bf\fivebf}%\let\tt\fivett} 
                       %;vrblin=200
%\pagenumber{\folio}
\newcount\fcnt
\def\ftn{\global\advance\fcnt1 
   \footnote{${}^{\the\fcnt}$}}
%\def\m{\par\hangindent\parindent
%       \textindent}
%LaTeX things         ;vrblin=250
%\def\\{\hfil\break}
\def\cite#1{(#1)}
\def\verb{}
\def\em{\it}
\def\cs#1{{\tt\char92#1}}
%Some layout macros   ;vrblin=300
\newbox\keywordsbox
\keywordsname{Keywords}
\def\beginkeywords{\setbox\keywordsbox
 \vbox\bgroup\subhead{\sevenbf
 \the\keywordsname: }\small}
\def\endkeywords{\egroup}
\def\keywords#{\beginkeywords\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endkeywords
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
\newbox\abstractbox
\abstractname{Abstract}
\def\beginabstract{\setbox\abstractbox
 \vbox\bgroup\centerline{\sevenbf
 \the\abstractname}\beginquote\small}
\def\endabstract{\endquote\egroup}
\def\abstract#{\beginabstract\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endabstract
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
\newbox\contentsbox
\contentsname{Contents}
\def\begincontents{\setbox\contentsbox
 \vbox\bgroup\small\noindent
 \the\contentsname\par\obeylines}
\def\endcontents{\egroup}
\def\contents#{\begincontents\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endcontents
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
\def\beginquote{\endgraf\bgroup\narrower
 \smallbreak\noindent}
\def\endquote{\smallbreak\egroup\endgraf
 \noindent}
\def\quote#{\beginquote\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endquote
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
\def\begincenter{\bgroup\smallskip
\leftskip0pt plus1fill
\rightskip0pt plus 1fill
\obeylines}
\def\endcenter{\smallskip\egroup}
\def\center#{\begincenter\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endcenter
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
%inner macros     %;vrblin=350
\def\bitem{\item{$\bullet$}}
\newcount\itemno
\def\nitem{\bgroup
   \def\nitem{\advance\itemno1
      \item{\number\itemno.}}
   \def\smallbreak{\endgraf\egroup
      \smallbreak}
   \let\smallskip\smallbreak
   \nitem}
\def\aitem{\bgroup\itemno96
   \def\aitem{\advance\itemno1
      \item{\char\itemno.}}
   \def\smallbreak{\endgraf\egroup
      \smallbreak}
   \let\smallskip\smallbreak
   \aitem}
\def\Aitem{\bgroup\itemno64
   \def\Aitem{\advance\itemno1
      \item{\char\itemno.}}
   \def\smallbreak{\endgraf\egroup
      \smallbreak}
   \let\smallskip\smallbreak
   \Aitem}
\def\endlist{\endgraf\egroup}
%On purpose no \smallskip or so.
\def\example#1{\medbreak
   Example {\sl(#1)}\nobreak\par\noindent
   \ignorespaces}
\def\endintermezzo{\hfil\break\nobreak
   {\bf End intermezzo.}\medbreak}
\def\xyz#1#2#3{\leavevmode
   \setbox0=\vbox{\hbox{/}\kern0pt}
   \lower2.65\ht0\hbox{\copy0%
             \rlap{\qquad#1}}%
   \kern-.185\ht0\lower1.8\ht0\copy0%
   \kern-.185\ht0\lower0.95\ht0\copy0%
   \kern-.11\ht0%
   \vrule height9ex depth0pt\relax
   \raise7ex\rlap{\qquad#3}%
   \vrule height.1pt depth.1pt width 8ex
   \qquad\lower.6ex\hbox{#2}}
%from TeX book       ;vrblin=400
\def\partlogo#1{\goodbreak\bigskip\noindent
   \vbox{\def\line##1{\hbox to\hsize{##1}}%
      \line{\hrulefill}%
      \kern-.5\baselineskip
      \line{\hrulefill{ \phantom{\bf #1}} %
            \hrulefill}%
      \kern-.5\baselineskip
      \line{\hrulefill{ \bf #1} 
             \hrulefill}%
      \kern-.5\baselineskip
      \line{\hrulefill}%
}\nobreak\smallskip\noindent}
%Defaults
\let\small\eightpoint
\overfullrule=0pt 
%;nonum
%Contents
%Newcount
%    \itemcnt.................208
%Newtoks
%    \itemtag.................209
%Shortcuts
%   \ea, \nx....................1 
%   \ag.........................2 
%   \dash, \Dash................3 
%   \DeK.....................6, 7 
%Font switching
%   \tiny......................51 
%   \small....................414 
%   \cs.......................255 
%Footnote, paragraph
%   \ftncnt...................202 
%   \ftn..................203-204 
%   \m........................205 
%LaTeX
%   \\........................251 
%   \cite.....................252 
%   \verb.....................253 
%   \em.......................254 
%Lay-out
%   \keywordsbox..............301
%   \abstractbox..............311
%   \contentsbox..............321
%   \beginkeywords........303-305 
%   \endkeywords..............306 
%   \keywordsname.............302
%   \keywords.............307-310
%   \beginabstract........313-315 
%   \endabstract..............316 
%   \abstractname.............312
%   \abstract.............317-320
%   \begincontents........323-325
%   \endcontents..............326
%   \contentsname.............322   
%   \contents.............327-330
%   \beginquote...........331-332 
%   \endquote.............333-334 
%   \quote................335-338
%   \begincenter..........339-342
%   \endcenter................343
%   \center...............344-347
%   \bitem....................351 
%   \itemno...................352
%   \nitem................353-359
%   \aitem................360-366
%   \Aitem................367-373
%   \endlist..................374
%   \example..............376-378 
%   \endintermezzo........379-380
%   \xyz..................382-393 
%From TeXbook
%   \partlogo.............401-412 
%Defaults
%   \overfullrule=0pt.........415 
%History of changes
%July 1994 Boxes for keywords, abstract,
%          and contents added.
%March 1994 Set up
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Additions%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%math extras%
%From Math into BLUes the mods
%-- \centering into \centeringp 
%   in order not to
%   conflict with LaTeX
%-- \eqalign has gotten a repetitive
%   template to allow for more
%   than one alignment point.
\newskip\centeringp%plain's
\centeringp=0pt plus1000pt minus1000pt
\def\eqalign#1{\null\,\vcenter{\openup 
   \jot\m@th\ialign{\strut\hfil 
   $\displaystyle {##}$&&%mod cgl
   $\displaystyle {{}##}$\hfil\crcr 
   #1\crcr }}\,}
\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y
   \tabskip\centeringp
   \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil
    $\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip 
    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil 
    \tabskip\centeringp &\llap{$\@lign##$}%
    \tabskip\z@skip\crcr 
   #1\crcr}}
\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y 
   \tabskip\centeringp 
   \halign to\displaywidth {\hfil 
    $\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip 
    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil 
    \tabskip\centeringp&\kern-\displaywidth 
    \rlap{$\@lign ##$}\tabskip\displaywidth 
    \crcr #1\crcr}}
\def\gtrless{\mathrel{\vcenter{
   \offinterlineskip\hbox{${>}$}%
      \kern-.2ex\hbox{${<}$} } }}
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%math extras%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%icons%
%From icons via LaTeX's fonts.
%Here use is made of gkpmac's picture
%environment.
\def\icmat#1#2{%ICon MATrix(rectangular)
%#1 is ht of icon matrix, e.g. 4
%#2 is wd of icon matrix, e.g. 2
\vbox{\hrule
   \hbox to#2\unitlength{\vrule
     height#1\unitlength\hfil\vrule}%
           \hrule}%
}%end icmat
\def\icurt#1#2{%IConUpperRightTriangle
%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with UT
%the upper triangular part, e.g. 4
%#2 is wd of icon (upper triangular)
%matrix, e.g. 2
\vbox to #1\unitlength{\hrule
   \hbox{\gkpbeginpicture(#2,#2)(0,0)%
    \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}%
    \gkpendpicture\vrule}%
   \vss}%
}%end icurt
\def\squineicurt#1#2{%IConUpperRightTriangle
%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with UT
%the upper triangular part, e.g. 4
%#2 is wd of icon (upper triangular)
%matrix, e.g. 2
%For small diaglines
\csname newcount\endcsname\half
\half#2 \divide\half 2
\vbox to #1\unitlength{\hrule
   \hbox{\gkpbeginpicture(#2,#2)(0,0)%
    \put(0,0){\squine(0,\the\half,#2,#2,%
    \the\half,0)}%
    \gkpendpicture\vrule}%
   \vss}%
}%end icurt
\def\icllt#1#2{%IConLowerLeftTriangle
%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with LT
%the lower triangular part, e.g. 4
%#2 is wd of icon (lower triangular)
%matrix, e.g. 2
\vbox to #1\unitlength{\vss
   \hbox{\vrule
    \gkpbeginpicture(#2,#1)(0,0)%
     \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}%
     \gkpendpicture}%
   \hrule}%
}%end icllt
\def\icuh#1#2#3{%IConUpperHessenberg
%#1 is size of icon matrix, with UH
% the upper Hessenberg part, e.g. 4
%#2 is wd of icon (upper Hesenberg)
% matrix, e.g. 1
%#3 is size Lower Left triangular part,
% #1-#2 (for simplicity the latter is added,
% could have been calculated, perhaps some
% inconsistency test could be incorporated)
\vbox{\offinterlineskip
   \hrule
   \hbox to#1\unitlength{\vrule height%
       #2\unitlength depth0pt\relax
       \hfil\vrule}%
   \hbox to#1\unitlength
    {\gkpbeginpicture(#3,#3)(0,0)%
    \put(0,#3){\line(1,-1){#3}}%
    \gkpendpicture\hfil\vrule}%
   \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hfil\vrule
     width#2\unitlength height.2pt\relax}%
   }%
}%end icuh
%Example of use
%\input blue.fmt
%\beginscript
%\unitlength=1ex
%$$\icmat44\kern\unitlength\icllt44=
%  \icllt44\icuh413\qquad AL=LH$$
%$$\icmat63=\icmat63\kern\unitlength
%  \icurt63\qquad A=QR$$
%\endscript
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%icons%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%btable%
%Table Diversions cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%EuroTeX '92 proceedings, MAPS92.2.
%The article discusses typsetting tables 
%via plain, surveys related work,
%introduces the file btable.tex, and 
%provides a discipline for typesetting 
%cell-blocks.
%;numvrb
\newbox\tablebox   
\newtoks\thisbtable\newtoks\everybtable 
\newtoks\prebtable\newtoks\postbtable 
%Cell vertical size, 
%row height and depth (separation implicit),
\newdimen\cvsize
\newdimen\tsht  \newdimen\tsdp
\newdimen\tvsize\newdimen\thsize
%Parameter setting macros:   Rules
\def\hruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}
   \def\colsep{}\def\rowsep{\hrule}
   \let\rowstbsep=\colsep
   \let\headersep=\rowsep}
\def\vruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} 
   \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{}
   \let\rowstbsep=\colsep
   \let\headersep=\hrule}
\def\ruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}
   \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{\hrule}
   \let\rowstbsep=\colsep
   \let\headersep=\rowsep}
\def\nonruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil}   
   \def\colsep{}\def\rowsep{}
   \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}
   \def\headersep{\hrule}}
\def\dotruled{\def\lineglue{\dotfill}
   \def\rowsep{\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}
   \def\colsep{\lower1.5\tsdp\vbox to
   \cvsize{\leaders\hbox to0pt{\vrule 
   height2pt depth2pt width0pt\hss.\hss}
   \vfil}}
   \let\rowstbsep=\colsep
   \let\headersep=\rowsep}
%Parameter setting macros:   
%          Controling positioning
\def\ctr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{\hfil}}
%Centered
\def\fll{\def\lft{}     \def\rgt{\hfil}}
%Flushed left
\def\flr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{}}     
%Flushed right
%Parameter setting macros:   Framing
\def\framed{\let\frameit=\boxit}
\def\nonframed{\def\frameit##1{##1}}
\def\dotframed{\let\frameit=\dotboxit}
%;vrblin=100
\def\beginbtable{\vbox\bgroup
\let\rsl=\rowstblst%Copy
\ifx\empty\template\ifx\empty\rsl
    \def\template{\colsepsurround
       \lft####\rgt&&\lft####\rgt\cr}
    \else\def\template{\colsepsurround
       ####\hfil&&\lft####\rgt\cr}\fi
\def\tstrut{\vrule height\tsht 
   depth\tsdp width0pt}
%Logical mark up of column and 
%row separators, via use of
\def\cs{&\colsepsurround\colsep
   \colsepsurround&}
\def\prs{&\colsepsurround\lineglue&}
\def\srp{&\lineglue\colsepsurround&}
\def\rs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
   \ifx\empty\rowsep
   \else\noalign{\rowsep}\fi
   \ifx\empty\rsl
   \else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
\def\grs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr\ghostrow}
\def\ghostrow{\rss\prs\logms2\lineglue\cr\nxtrs}
\def\rss{&\colsepsurround\rowstbsep
   \colsepsurround&}
\def\hs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
   \ifx\empty\headersep
   \else\noalign{\headersep}\fi
   \ifx\empty\rsl\else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
\def\process##1{\hbox to0pt{\hss
   ##1\hss}\kern.5ex}
\the\everybtable\relax
\the\thisbtable\relax
\the\prebtable
\cellsize
\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize
\setbox\tablebox=\vbox\bgroup
   \tabskip=0pt\relax\offinterlineskip
   \halign\bgroup
   \span\template\ifx\empty\first
      \ifx\empty\rsl
      \else\ifx\empty\header
           \else\ea\rss\fi
      \fi\else\first\ea\rss\fi
   \ifx\empty\header
      \ifx\empty\first
         \if\empty\rsl\else
          \ea\nxtrs\fi\else\ea\hs\fi
   \else\header\tstrut\ea\hs\fi}%
%end \beginbtable
%;vrblin=200
\def\endbtable{\colsepsurround
   \tstrut\crcr\egroup\egroup
   %end setbox
   \the\postbtable
   \ifx\btablecaption\empty
   \else\hbox to\thsize{\strut\hfil
    \btablecaption\hss}\captionsep\fi
   \frameit{\copy\tablebox}
   \ifx\footer\empty
   \else\footersep\hbox{\vtop
     {\noindent\hsize=\thsize
      \footer}}\fi
     \egroup\thisbtable={}}%
%end \endbtable
\def\btable#1{\beginbtable#1\endbtable}
%\def\btable#{\beginbtable\bgroup
% \aftergroup\endbtable
% \afterassignment\ignorespaces
% \let\dummy=}
%Defaults          %;vrblin=300
\def\cellsize{\cvsize=4ex
   \tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize}
%\cellsize
\def\colsepsurround{\kern.5em}
\def\btablecaption{}
\def\first{}
\def\header{}
\def\rowstblst{}
\def\footer{}
\def\data{}
\def\captionsep{\medskip}    
\def\headersep{\hrule}
\def\footersep{\smallskip}   
\def\rowstbsep{\vrule}
%\prebtable{}
\postbtable{\global\thsize=\wd\tablebox
            \global\tvsize=\ht\tablebox
  \global\advance\tvsize by\dp\tablebox}
\def\template{}
\nonruled
\nonframed              
%end Defaults
%Auxiliaries             %;vrblin=350
\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule
   \vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}}
\def\dotboxit#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip
   \hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}%
   \hbox{\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
      \leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule 
      height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss
      }\vfil}%
      \vbox{#1}\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
      \leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule 
      height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss
      }\vfil}}%
   \hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}}
%And to account for logical columns with 
%\logms% logical multispan
\def\spicspan{\span\omit}
\def\logms#1{\omit\mscount=#1\multiply
   \mscount by2 \advance\mscount by-1
   \loop\ifnum\mscount>1 
      \spicspan\advance\mscount by-1 
   \repeat}
%To process FIFO
\def\fifo#1{\ifx\ofif#1\ofif\fi
   \process{#1}\fifo}
\def\ofif#1\fifo{\fi}
%\def\process#1{\hbox to0pt{\hss
%   #1\hss}\kern.5ex}
%To handle row stub list
\def\nxtrs{\ifx\empty\rsl
   %\let\nxtel=\relax
   \else\def\nxtel{\ea\nrs\rsl\srn}%
      \ea\nxtel\fi}%next Row Stub
\def\nrs#1#2\srn{\gdef\rsl{#2}#1\rss}
%\endinput %btable             
%;nonum 
%Contents btable.tex
%Newbox
%   \tablebox...................1
%Newtoks
%   \thisbtable, \everybtable...2 
%   \prebtable, \postbtable.....3 
%Parameter setting: rules
%   \hruled.................10-13 
%   \vruled.................14-17 
%   \ruled..................18-21 
%   \nonruled...............22-25 
%   \dotruled...............26-33 
%Parameter setting: positioning
%   \ctr.......................36 
%   \fll.......................38 
%   \flr.......................40 
%Parameter setting: framing
%   \framed....................43 
%   \nonframed.................44 
%   \dotframed.................45 
%User macro             
%   \beginbtable..........101-150 
%   \endbtable............201-214 
%   \btable...............216-219
%Defaults               
%   \cellsize.............301-303 
%   \colsepsurround...........304 
%   \btablecaption............305 
%   \first....................306 
%   \header...................307 
%   \rowstblst................308 
%   \footer...................309 
%   \data.....................310 
%   \captionsep...............311 
%   \headersep................312 
%   \footersep................313 
%   \rowstbsep................314 
%   \prebtable................315 
%   \postbtable...........316-318 
%   \template.................319 
%   \ctr......................320 
%   \nonruled.................321 
%   \nonframed................322 
%Auxiliaries            
%   \boxit................351-352 
%   \dotboxit.............353-363 
%   \spicspan.................366 
%   \logms................367-371 
%   \fifo.................373-374 
%   \ofif.....................375 
%   \process..............376-377 
%   \nxtrs................379-382 
%   \nrs......................383 
%History of changes
%Version 2 July 1994 
%    \cellsize is invoked in
%    \beginbtable. 
%    Token vars for \prebtable
%    \postbtable.
%June 1994 
%        \beginbtable...\endbtable 
%        two-part macro
%        \btable minimal variant
%        \preinsert, \postinsert changed 
%        into \prebtable, \postbtable
%        toks vars: \everybtable, 
%                   \thisbtable
%Version 1.1 \btablecaption as caption 
%        (to prevent name clashes)
%        \def\cellsize{\cvsize= 
%            et cetera} to be used 
%            as default
%            and after font change.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%btable%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%vrb%
%vrb.tex  
%Author: C.G. van der Laan
%   Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB
%   Garnwerd The Netherlands
%   05941-1525, cgl@rc.service.rug.nl.
%Purpose: Verbatim macros via plain, 
%         to be used with AnyTeX.
%                         ;numvrb
%User toks variables
\newtoks\thisverbatim
\newtoks\everyverbatim
\newtoks\preverbatim
\newtoks\postverbatim
%User customization
\preverbatim{\medskip}
\postverbatim{\smallbreak}
%                          ;vrblin100
%User `options': \numvrb
\newcount\vrblin
\def\numvrb{\vrblin0
   \everypar{\advance\vrblin1
    \llap{\sevenrm\the\vrblin\quad}}}
\def\nonum{\everypar={}}
%              : \emc, \unmc
\def\makeescape#1{\catcode`#1=0 }
\def\makeactive#1{\catcode`#1=13 }
{\makeactive\<
 \gdef\emc{\makeactive\<%
   \def<##1>{$\langle##1\rangle$}}}
\def\unmc{\catcode`\<=12 }%;vrblin200
%User macro
\def\beginverbatim{\begingroup
   \tt\setupverbatim
   \the\everyverbatim\relax
   \the\thisverbatim\relax
   \the\preverbatim\verbatimgobble}
\def\endverbatim{\the\postverbatim
   \endgroup\thisverbatim={}}
\def\setupverbatim{\makeactive\`%
   \let\!=!\makeescape\!%Knuth&Levy  
   \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%TB381
   \obeylines\uncatcodespecials
   \obeyspaces}
{\obeyspaces\global\let =\  \catcode`\^=7
 \obeylines\gdef\verbatimgobble#1^^M{}%
 \makeactive\` \gdef`{\relax\lq}}%TB381 
\def\uncatcodespecials{\def\do##1{%
   \catcode`##1=12 }\dospecials}
\def\math{\bgroup$\catcode`\_=8\relax
    \catcode`\^=7\relax}
\def\endmath{$\egroup}
\def\verbatim#{\beginverbatim\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endverbatim
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}
%                          ;vrblin250
%Minimal | tag for inline verbatim
\def\vrt{{\tt\char`\|}}\makeactive\|
\def|{\bgroup\tt\setupverbatim
      \the\everyverbatim\relax
      \the\thisverbatim\relax
      \def|{\egroup\thisverbatim{}}}
%\endinput  
%                            ;nonum
%Contents vrb.tex cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Newtoks
%   \thisverbatim.................2 
%   \everyverbatim................3
%   \preverbatim..................4 
%   \postverbatim.................5
%Customization
%   \preverbatim..................8 
%   \postverbatim.................9
%Options
%   \numvrb.................103-105    
%   \nonum......................106 
%   \makeescape.................108 
%   \makeactive.................109
%   \emc....................111-112   
%   \unmc.......................113   
%   <#1>........................112   
%User macro
%   \beginverbatim..........202-206
%   <esc char>endverbatim...208-209
%   \verbatim...............228-231
%   \setupverbatim..........211-215
%   \verbatimgobble.............218
%   `...........................219
%   \uncatcodespecials..........221
%   <escape char>math.......224-225
%   <escape char>endmath....... 226
%Inline verbatim
%   \vrt........................252
%   vertical bar symbol...... ..253
%History of changes
%July 1994 Version 2
%          \pre- and \postverbatim
%          changed into token vars.
%          Added
%          \unmc, unable metacode
%          \verbatim minimal tag
%          <escape char>math
%          <escape char>endmath
%Febr 1994 Release Version 1.0
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%vrb%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%bibliography%
%From BLUe's Bibliography%;numvrb
%\ls<name> template
\newcount\bcnt
\def\lsstraight{%
  \def\ls##1{\advance\bcnt1
     \item{\the\bcnt.}##1\endgraf}
%\ls a  la AMS
\newcount\suffixcnt
\def\lsams{\frenchspacing
 \let\lstnme\relax \let\lstyear\relax
 \def\ls##1{\ea\bibitem##1}
 \def\bibitem##1(##2){\global\advance
 \bcnt1 \def\authornme{##1}%
        \def\authoryear{##2}%
 \ifx\lstnme\authornme
  \def\authornme{------}%
  \ifx\lstyear\authoryear
   \global\advance\suffixcnt1
   \def\authoryear{--}%
  \else\let\lstyear\authoryear\suffixcnt0
  \fi
 \else\let\lstnme\authornme
      \let\lstyear\authoryear\suffixcnt0
 \item{[\the\bcnt]}\authornme$\,$%
  (\authoryear\suffix)}%end \bibitem
\def\suffix{\ifcase\suffixcnt\or a\or b\or
 c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or
 k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or
 s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or y\or z\fi}
}                          %;vrblin100
%Loading
%Load selected entries
\def\gobble#1{}
\def\loadselectivefrom#1{\let\x\def
 %or any name for x
 \x\def##1{\ifx##1\undefined\ea\gobble
         \else \ea\gdef\ea##1\fi}
 \input #1 %lit.dat
 \let\def\x}              %;vrblin200
\newif\ifstore \storetrue 
\newtoks\thisreferences
\newtoks\referencesname
\newtoks\prereferences
\newtoks\postreferences
\newbox\referencesbox
\referencesname{References}
\def\references#1{\beginreferences#1
   \endreferences}
\def\beginreferences#1\endreferences{%
  \bgroup\def\process##1{\gdef##1{%
Reference {\tt\string##1} 
not in database (Sorry!)
  \loaderror{Reference}}}\fifo#1\ofif
  \loadselectivefrom{lit.dat}
  %formatting
  \ifstore\global\setbox\referencesbox=
    \vbox\bgroup\fi
  \bcnt0 \lsams%Default ls
  \the\thisreferences
  \def\process##1{\ls{##1}
    \xdef##1{\the\bcnt}}
  \fifo#1\ofif
  \endgraf\endreferences
\def\endreferences{\egroup
  \ifstore\egroup\fi
  \thisreferences{}}
\def\pasteupreferences{%
  \the\prereferences
  \unvbox\referencesbox
  \the\postreferences}
\prereferences{\head{\the
  \referencesname}}
%\postreferences{}
%;vrblin250
\def\beginpictures#1\endpictures{%
  \bgroup\let\commonforpic=x
  \def\process##1{\gdef##1{Picture 
  {\tt\string##1} not in database, 
  Sorry!\loaderror{Picture}}}%
  \fifo#1\ofif
  \loadselectivefrom{pic.dat}
  \endpictures\commonforpic}
\def\endpictures{\egroup}
\def\pictures#1{\beginpictures#1%
   \endpictures}
\def\loadallpictures{\input pic.dat
   \commonforpic}
\def\loaderror#1{\write16{#1 not in 
      database}} 
%\endinput                    %;nonum
%Contents bibliography 
%               cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Newcount
%   \bcnt.........................2 
%   \suffixcnt....................8
%Newif
%   \ifstore....................201
%Newtoks
%   \thisreferences.............202
%   \referencesname........203, 206
%   \prereferences.........204, 234
%   \postreferences.............205
%Newbox
%   \referencesbox..............206
%Initializations
%   \prereferences..........231-232
%   \postreferences.............233
%\ls customization
%   \lsstraight.................3-6 
%   \lsams.....................9-34 
%   \suffix...................30-33
%loading
%   \gobble.....................102    
%   \loadselectivefrom......104-109 
%User level 
%   \references.............208-209
%   \beginreferences........210-225
%   \endreferences..........226-228
%   \pasteupreferences......230-233
%   \beginpictures..........251-259
%   \endpictures................260
%   \pictures...............261-262
%   \loadallpictures........263-265
%   \loaderror..............266-267
%History of changes
%July 1994 Information supplied before
%          \beginscript, past up later.
%          Separate loading of pictures.
%June 1994 Simpler user interface
%          \beginreferences
%          \<name_1> ... \<name_n>
%          \endreferences
%Created May 1994
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%bibliography%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Cross-Refs%
%From BLUe's Cross-Referencing
%cgl@rc.service.rug.nl      %;numvrb
\newif\ifadvance \advancetrue
\newcount\frmcnt
\newtoks\prenum\newtoks\postnum
%Default prenum and postnum 
\prenum{(}\postnum{)}
%Automatic numbering
\def\frmnum{\ifadvance\global\advance
   \frmcnt1 \fi
   \the\prenum\the\frmcnt\the\postnum}
%Automatic numbering and attaching a name
\def\ref{\frmnum\create}
%\def\create#1{\ifx#1$$\else
%   \xdef#1{\the\frmcnt}\fi}
%The version, which handles also displaylines
\def\create#1{\ifx#1$$\else\ifx#1\hfil\hfil    
   \else\xdef#1{\the\frmcnt}\fi\fi}
%Citation
\newif\ifproof \prooftrue
\def\crsref#1{\ifx#1\undefined{\ifproof
     \leavevmode\vadjust{\kern-1ex
     \rightline{\vbox to0pt{\vss
     \rlap{FR: \tt\string#1}}}}\fi}
   \else\the\prenum#1\the\postnum\fi}                   
%;nonum
%Contents Cross-Referencing
%                   cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Newifs, newcounts
%  \ifadvance, \ifproof..........1, 18
%  \frmcnt...........................2
%Newtoks
%  \prenum, \postnum.................3
%Context
%  \prenum, \postnum.................4
%Automatic numbering, referencing
%  \frmnum.........................7-9
%  \ref.............................11
%  \create.......................15-16
%Cross referencing
%  \crsref.......................19-23
%History of changes
%June 94 Created
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%cross-ref%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%sort%
%Shorthands;numvrb
%\let\ag=\aftergroup
%\let\ea=\expandafter\let\nx=\noexpand
%Counters
\newcount\n\newcount\k\newcount\kk\n=0
\newcount\kzero\kzero0 %Bias value
\newcount\pk\newcount\pkone%Used in sortcs
\newcount\frst%First value of range
\newcount\lst %Last value of range
\newcount\slst%Successor \lst
\newcount\dif %Difference \lst-\frst
\newcount\nw  %Number of words
\newcount\nc  %Number of characters/comp
\newcount\numex %Number of exchanges
\newcount\rndval%Random number
\newcount\rndnum%Seed random generator
\newcount\rndtmp%Temporary value
\newcount\status%Status comparison
%Newif-s
\newif\ifcontinue%controls loops
\newif\iffound%locating accent cs
\newif\ifproof\prooftrue
%;vrblin=100
%Storing: from copy
\def\seq#1\qes{\k0 \fifow#1 \wofif{} }
%Auxiliaries: FIFO
\def\fifow#1 {\ifx\wofif#1\n\k\wofif\fi
 \processw{#1}\fifow}
\def\wofif#1\fifow{\fi}
\def\processw#1{\advance\k1 \ea
 \gdef\csname\the\k\endcsname{#1}}
%Storing: from file
\def\storefrom#1{%#1 is file name
 \immediate\openin\inx=#1 \k\kzero 
 \continuetrue
 \loop\ifeof\inx\continuefalse\fi
 \ifcontinue\advance\k1{}%
 \read\inx t\ea o\csname\the\k\endcsname
 \repeat\advance\k-1\n\k
 \immediate\closein\inx}
%Storing: random numbers
\def\storerandomn#1{%#1 number of numbers
 \n#1\k0
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1 \rnd\ea
  \xdef\csname\the\k\endcsname{\the\rndval}
 \repeat}
%With, due to Reid, 1987
\def\rnd{\global\multiply\rndnum371{}%
 \global\advance\rndnum1{}%
 \ifnum\rndnum>99999
  \rndtmp\rndnum \divide\rndtmp100000
  \multiply\rndtmp100000
  \global\advance\rndnum-\rndtmp
 \fi\global\rndval\rndnum
 \global\divide\rndval1000 }
%Storing: random words
\def\storerandomw#1{%#1 number of words
 \n#1\nw\n\def\defarr{\ea\gdef
  \csname\the\nw\endcsname}
 {\loop\ifnum0<\nw{\ag\defarr\ag{%
   \randomword}}\advance\nw-1
 \repeat}}%end s-r-w.
\def\randomword{\rnd \nc\rndval
 \divide\nc15 \advance\nc2
 \loop\ifnum0<\nc\randomchar
   \advance\nc-1
 \repeat}%end r-word
%Random character is modified
\def\randomchar{\rnd
 \multiply\rndval29 \divide\rndval100
 \ifnum26=\rndval\rndval0 \fi
 \ifnum26<\rndval\rndval4 \fi
%Mod cgl: I \ag-ed the letter
\ea\ag\ifcase\rndval
 a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or
 i\or j\or k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or
 q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or
 y\or z\fi}%end r-char
%;vrblin=200Typeset
%Parameters: Separators
\def\sepn{, }%Number separator
\def\sepw{ } %Word separator
\newtoks\indword 
\let\sep\sepw
\def\prc#1{\init{#1}\def\prc##1{%
 \ifnum\lst=##1{}\else\ifnum\slst=##1{}%
  \lst\slst\advance\slst1{}\else
  \prtfl\sepn\init{##1}\fi\fi}}
\def\init#1{\frst=#1\lst=#1\slst=#1{}%
   \advance\slst1{}}
%Print range: \frst-\lst (or \lst).
\def\prtfl{\the\frst\ifnum\frst<\lst
 \advance\frst1{}\ifnum\frst=\lst\sepn
 \else\nobreak--\nobreak\fi\the\lst\fi}
%Printing sequences
\def\prts{{\k\kzero%print \1...\n
 \def\sep{\let\sep=\sepw}%
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \sep\csname\the\k\endcsname
 \repeat}}%end \prts
\let\prtw=\prts
\def\prtn{{\k\kzero%Print number sequence
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \ea\prc\csname\the\k\endcsname
 \repeat\prtfl}}%end \prtn
\def\typindentry#1{%#1 a def
 \ea\splitintoks#1%
 \ifcase\digit\the\indword\or
         {\tt\the\indword}\or
  {\tt\char92\the\indword}\or
  $\langle\hbox{\the\indword}\rangle$\fi{}
  \pagenrs.}
\def\splitintoks#1 !#2 #3.{\indword{#1}%
  \chardef\digit=#2{}\def\pagenrs{#3}}
\def\prtind{{\k\kzero
 \def\sep{\let\sep\sepw}%
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \sep\ea\typindentry\csname\the\k\endcsname%
 \repeat}}
%;vrblin=300
%Sorting in O(nlog n)
\def\sortn{\let\cmp\cmpn\sort\prtn}
\def\sortaw{\let\cmp\cmpaw\sort\prtw}
\def\sortw{\let\cmp\cmpw{\accdef\sort}\prtw}
\def\sort{\heapsort}
%Paramaters: ij and accent string
\def\accstr{\`\'\"\^\c}
\def\accdef{\def\i{i}\def\j{j}%
 \def\'##1{##1a}\def\`##1{##1g}%
 \def\"##1{##1t}\def\^##1{##1h}%
 \def\c##1{##1c}}
\def\ij{ij}
%Sorting parameters: exchange macro
\def\xch#1#2{%#1, #2 counter variables
 \ea\let\ea\auxone\csname\the#1\endcsname
 \ea\let\ea\auxtwo\csname\the#2\endcsname
 \ea\global\ea\let\csname\the#2\endcsname
 \auxone
 \ea\global\ea\let\csname\the#1\endcsname
 \auxtwo}
%Sorting parameters: number comparison
\def\cmpn#1#2{%#1, #2 are def-s
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2, if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
 \ifnum#1=#2\global\status0 \else
   \ifnum#1>#2\global\status1 \else
                \global\status2 \fi\fi}
%Parameters: comparison of words
\def\cmpw#1#2{%#1, #2 are def-s
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2, if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
 \let\nxt\nxtw\cmpc#1#2}
\def\cmpaw#1#2{%#1, #2 are defs with as
%replacement text the words.
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2, if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
 \let\nxt\nxtaw\cmpc#1#2}
\def\cmpc#1#2{%#1, #2 are def-s
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2, if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
\ifproof\global\advance\nc1
        \let\aa#1\let\bb#2\fi
 \global\status0 \continuetrue
 {\loop\ifx\empty#1\continuefalse\fi
       \ifx\empty#2\continuefalse\fi
  \ifcontinue\nxt#1\nxtt\nxt#2\nxtu
             \lge\nxtt\nxtu
  \repeat}\ifnum0=\status
 \ifx\empty#1\ifx\empty#2\else
                  \global\status2 \fi
 \else\ifx\empty#2\global\status1 \fi
 \fi\fi
% \ifproof\immediate\write16{\aa
%  \ifnum0=\status=\else
%   \ifnum1=\status>\else
%                  <\fi\fi\bb}
% \fi%end ifproof
\def\lge#1#2{%#1 and #2 letter values
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2, if
%              #1 =, >, <  #2.
%and \continuefalse if #1=/#2.
 \ifnum#1=#2{}\else\continuefalse
  \ifnum#1<#2\global\status2 \else
             \global\status1 \fi
 \fi}
\def\nxtw#1#2{\def\pop##1##2\pop{%
 \gdef#1{##2}\def\head{##1}}%head and tail
 \ea\pop#1\pop%split in head and tail
 \ea\loc\head\accstr%\head is an accent cs?
 \if<\head\ea\pop#1\pop\fi
 \iffound\let\acs\head
  \ea\pop#1\pop%next head and tail
  \ea\let\ea#2\csname ot\acs\head\endcsname
 \else\ea\let\ea#2\csname ot\head\endcsname
 \fi}
\def\loc#1#2{\def\locate##1#1##2\end
 {\ifx\empty##2\empty\foundfalse
 \else\foundtrue\fi}\ea\locate#2.#1\end}
%Parameters:  for ASCII words
\def\nxtaw#1#2{%Result: value of first
%letter of string supplied in #1 is delivered
%in #2. (To be used as a number (\chardef)).
%#1, #2 are control sequences.
 \def\pop##1##2\pop{\gdef#1{##2}%
  \chardef#2=`##1{}}\ea\pop#1\pop}
\def\cmpir#1#2{%#1, #2 defs
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2 if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
%\immediate\write16{Compared are: #1 and #2}%
\ea\ea\ea\decom\ea#1#2}
\def\decom#1 !#2 #3.#4 !#5 #6.{%
 \def\one{#1}\def\four{#4}\cmpw\one\four
 \ifnum0=\status%Compare secondary keys
   \ifnum#2<#5{}\global\status2{}\else
     \ifnum#2>#5{}\global\status1{}\else
                %Compare tertiary keys
       \ifnum#3<#6{}\global\status2{}\else
         \ifnum#3>#6{}\global\status1{}\fi
       \fi
     \fi
   \fi
 \fi}
\def\red{%Reduction of \1,...,\n
 \k0\kk0\let\refer\empty
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \ea\let\ea\record\csname\the\k\endcsname
  \ea\splitwn\record%
  \ifx\refer\word%extend with number
    \ea\xdef\csname\the\kk\endcsname{%
       \csname\the\kk\endcsname, \num}%
  \else%write record to \kk
   \advance\kk1\let\refer\word\ea\global
   \ea\let\csname\the\kk\endcsname\record
  \fi
 \repeat\n=\kk}
\def\redrng{%Reduction of \1,...,\n, with
%range representation of page numbers
 {\k1\kk0 \ifnum\n>0 
 \ea\let\ea\record\csname\the\k\endcsname
 \ea\splitwn\record\let\refer\word
 \let\nrsrng\empty\prcrng\num\fi
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \ea\let\ea\record\csname\the\k\endcsname
  \ea\splitwn\record%
  \ifx\refer\word%extend \nrsrng with number
    \prcrng\num
  \else%write record to \kk
    \advance\kk1 \strnrs
    \ea\xdef\csname\the\kk\endcsname{\refer{}
      \nrsrng.}\let\nrsrng\empty\init\num
      \prcrng\num\let\refer\word
  \fi
 \repeat\ifnum1<\n
  \advance\kk1 \strnrs
  \ea\xdef\csname\the\kk\endcsname{\word{}
    \nrsrng.}
 \global\n\kk\fi}}
\def\prcrng#1{\init{#1}\def\prcrng##1{%
 \ifnum##1=\lst\else\ifnum##1=\slst
  \lst\slst\advance\slst1 \else
  \strnrs\init{##1}\fi\fi}}
\def\strnrs{\dif\lst\advance\dif-\frst
 \edef\nrsrng{\ifx\nrsrng\empty\else
    \nrsrng\sepn\fi\the\frst\ifnum0<\dif
   \ifnum1=\dif\sepn\the\lst
   \else--\the\lst
   \fi
  \fi}}
\def\splitwn#1 !#2 #3.{\def\word{#1 !#2}%
 \def\num{#3}}
\def\getdig#1 !#2 #3.{\def\dig{#2}}
\def\sortcs{\global\k0\global\pk\n
\global\pkone\pk\global\advance\pkone1
%Invariant: 1:k non-cs 
%        pk+1:n control seq-s
\loop\global\advance\k1
\ifnum\k<\pkone
 \ea\ea\ea\getdig\csname\the\k\endcsname.%
 \if2\dig{\continuetrue
  \loop
   \ifnum\k=\pk\continuefalse
   \else\ea\ea\ea\getdig\csname\the\pk
                          \endcsname.%
    \if2\dig
    \else\xch\k\pk\continuefalse
    \fi
   \fi\global\pkone\pk\global\advance\pk-1
  \ifcontinue
  \repeat}%
\repeat}%Result\1:\pk non-cs, \pkone:\n cs
%;vrblin=500
%Parameters: Ordering table
%suffix g stands for grave, `
%       a stands for aigue, '
%       h stands for hat, ^
%       t stands for trema, "
%       c stands for cedille.
\ea\chardef\csname ot=\endcsname=12 
\ea\chardef\csname ot/\endcsname=11 
\ea\chardef\csname ot-\endcsname=13
\ea\chardef\csname ot,\endcsname=14
\ea\chardef\csname ot.\endcsname=15
\ea\chardef\csname ot"\endcsname=9
\ea\chardef\csname ot&\endcsname=5
\ea\chardef\csname ot'\endcsname=7
\ea\chardef\csname ot`\endcsname=8
\ea\chardef\csname ot*\endcsname=10
\ea\chardef\csname ot<\endcsname=28
\ea\chardef\csname ot>\endcsname=29
\ea\chardef\csname ot!\endcsname=30
\ea\chardef\csname ot?\endcsname=31
\ea\chardef\csname ot[\endcsname=13
\ea\chardef\csname ot]\endcsname=14
\ea\chardef\csname ot0\endcsname=16
\ea\chardef\csname ot1\endcsname=17
\ea\chardef\csname ot2\endcsname=18
\ea\chardef\csname ot3\endcsname=19
\ea\chardef\csname ot4\endcsname=20
\ea\chardef\csname ot5\endcsname=21
\ea\chardef\csname ot6\endcsname=22
\ea\chardef\csname ot7\endcsname=23
\ea\chardef\csname ot8\endcsname=24
\ea\chardef\csname ot9\endcsname=25
\chardef\ota=35 \chardef\otA=35
 \chardef\otaa=35 \chardef\otag=35
 \chardef\otat=35\chardef\otah=35
\chardef\otb=40 \chardef\otB=40
\chardef\otc=46 \chardef\otC=46
 \chardef\otcc=46 
\chardef\otd=53 \chardef\otD=53
\chardef\ote=60 \chardef\otE=60
 \chardef\otea=60 \chardef\oteg=60
 \chardef\otet=60 \chardef\oteh=60
\chardef\otf=67 \chardef\otF=67
\chardef\otg=74 \chardef\otG=74
\chardef\oth=81 \chardef\otH=81
\chardef\oti=88 \chardef\otI=88
 \chardef\otit=88 \chardef\otih=88
\chardef\otj=95 \chardef\otJ=95
 \chardef\otjt=95
\chardef\otk=102 \chardef\otK=102
\chardef\otl=109 \chardef\otL=109
\chardef\otm=116 \chardef\otM=116
\chardef\otn=123 \chardef\otN=123
\chardef\oto=130 \chardef\otO=130
 \chardef\otoa=130 \chardef\otog=130
 \chardef\otot=130 \chardef\otoh=130
\chardef\otp=137 \chardef\otP=137
\chardef\otq=143 \chardef\otQ=143
\chardef\otr=150 \chardef\otR=150
\chardef\ots=157 \chardef\otS=157
\chardef\ott=164 \chardef\otT=164
\chardef\otu=171 \chardef\otU=171
 \chardef\otut=171 \chardef\otuh=171
\chardef\otv=178 \chardef\otV=178
\chardef\otw=185 \chardef\otW=185
\chardef\otx=192 \chardef\otX=192
\chardef\otij=199 \chardef\otIJ=199
\chardef\oty=200 \chardef\otY=200
\chardef\otz=206 \chardef\otZ=206
%\endinput%;nonum %cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Contents sort.tex
%Counters .......................5--19
%newifs ........................20--23
%Storing
%from copy ...................101--108
%   \seq...\qes ...................102
%from file ...................110--117
%   \storefrom ...............112--117
%random generated items
%   \storerandomn ............119--124
%   \rnd .....................127--134
%   \storerandomw ............137--142
%   \randomword ..............144--148
%   \randomchar ..............150--160
%Typeset
%   parameters ................202-205
%   \prc .....................207--210
%   \init ....................212--213
%   \prtfl ...................216--218
%   \prts ....................221--225
%   \prtw .........................227
%   \prtn ....................229--232
%   \typeind .................234--240
%   \splittot ................242--243
%   \prtind ..................245--249
%Sorting
%   \sortn ........................302
%   \sortaw .......................304
%   \sortw ........................306
%   \sort .........................308
%   \accstr .......................311
%   \accdef ..................313--316
%   \ij ...........................318
%   \xch .....................321--327
%   \cmpn ....................330--335
%   \cmpw ....................338--341
%   \cmpaw ...................343--347
%   \cmpc ....................349--369
%   \lge .....................371--378
%   \nxtw ....................380--388
%   \loc .....................390--392
%   \nxtaw ...................395--400
%   \cmpir ...................402--405
%   \decom ...................407--418
%   \red .....................420--432
%   \redrng ..................434--455
%   \prcrng ..................457--460
%   \strnrs ..................462--468
%   \splitwn .................470--471
%   \getdig .......................473
%   \sortcs ..................475--491
%Ordering table ..............501--568
%History of changes
%Oct    1994 OT modified with respect to 
%            Index sorting.
%            Sorting macros adapted and
%            extended.
%March  1994 Contents added to file sort.tex.
%Jan    1994 Macros released for CTAN.
%Spring 1993 Abridged version Sorting in BLUe
%       for TUG'93 (Aston) TB 14.3, 1993.
%Fall   1992 Release for MAPS 93.1.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%sort%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%heap%
%heapsort.tex                    Jan, 93
\newcount\n\newcount\lc\newcount\r
\newcount\ic\newcount\uone
\newcount\jc\newcount\jj\newcount\jjone
\newif\ifgoon
%Non-descending sorting
\def\heapsort{%data in \1 to \n
\r=\n\heap\ic=1{}%
{\loop\ifnum\r>1{}\xch\ic\r
   \advance\r-1{}\sift\ic\r
\repeat}}
\def\heap{%Transform \1..\n into heap
 \lc=\n\divide\lc2{}\advance\lc1{}%
 {\loop\ifnum\lc>1{}\advance\lc-1{}%
  \sift\lc\n\repeat}}
\def\sift#1#2{%#1, #2 counter variables
 \jj=#1\uone=#2\advance\uone1{}\goontrue
 {\loop\jc=\jj \advance\jj by\jj
  \ifnum\jj<\uone
   \jjone=\jj \advance\jjone1{}%
   \ifnum\jj<#2{}\cmpval\jj\jjone
         \ifnum2=\status\jj=\jjone\fi\fi
   \cmpval\jc\jj\ifnum2>\status\goonfalse\fi
 \else\goonfalse\fi
\ifgoon\xch\jc\jj\repeat}}
\def\cmpval#1#2{%#1, #2 counter variables
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2 if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
 \ea\let\ea\aone\csname\the#1\endcsname
 \ea\let\ea\atwo\csname\the#2\endcsname
 \cmp\aone\atwo}
%\endinput        %cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%heap%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%quick%
%quick.tex                        Jan 93
\newcount\low\newcount\up\newcount\m
\def\quicksort{%Values given in
%\low,...,\up are sorted, non-descending.
%Parameters: \cmp, comparison.
 \ifnum\low<\up\else\brk\fi
%\refval, a reference value selected at random.
 \m=\up\advance\m-\low%Size-1 of array part
 \ifnum10<\m\rnd\multiply\m\rndval
   \divide\m99{}\advance\m\low \xch\low\m
 \ea\let\ea\refval\csname\the\low\endcsname
 \m=\low\k=\low\let\refvalcop=\refval
 {\loop\ifnum\k<\up\advance\k1{}%
   \ea\let\ea\oneqs\csname\the\k\endcsname
   \cmp\refval\oneqs\ifnum1=\status
      \global\advance\m1{}\xch\m\k\fi
   \let\refval=\refvalcop
  \repeat}\xch\low\m
 {\up=\m\advance\up-1{}\quicksort}%
 {\low=\m\advance\low1{}\quicksort}\krb}
\def\brk#1\krb{\fi}\def\krb{\relax}
%\endinput         %cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%quick%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%index%
%From BLUe's Index                Oct 94%;numvrb
%Some unused macros are left in.
\newread\inxin 
\newtoks\indword
\newtoks\indexfile
   %To parameterize the resulting index
\newtoks\irfile   
   %To parameterize the IRs
\newtoks\indexname 
\newtoks\preindex  
\newtoks\postindex 
\newtoks\ignores
\newtoks\conseqs
\newtoks\consyms
\newtoks\srtkeys
\newtoks\srtkeypairs
%Initializations
\proofmodetrue
\irfile{index}
\indexfile{index.elm}
\indexname{Index}
\preindex{\head{\the\indexname}}
\postindex{}
\immediate\openout\inx=index
\conseqs{\c\space\bf\it\rm\tt\sub\relax}
\consyms{\`\'\"\^\~}
\srtkeypairs{\TeX{tex}\LaTeX{latex}\AmSTeX{amstex}}
\srtkeys{\TeX\LaTeX\AmSTeX}
\let\sub\relax
%Macros
%User level
%;vrblin=100
\def\sortindex{%Nov 1994, cgl
%Purpose:
%To sort IR file.
%Input: default index is sorted
%      ( file specified in \irfile)
%Output: file index.elm.
   \newpage\immediate\closeout\inx
   \filetoarray{\the\irfile}
   \immediate\write16{Sorting n=\the\n.
      Please wait, O(nlog n) process.}
   \let\cmp\cmpir\let\nxtw\nxtwindex
   \otindex\let\ \space
   {%Make sortkey defs
    \ea\sokdef\the\srtkeypairs\fedkos\relax
    \sort
    \let\spaceseparator\space
    \setupnxtokens\def\ {\nx\ }%
    \immediate\write16{Range reduction.} 
    \redrngtofile{index.srt}
    \immediate\write16{After reduction and
       writing to file index.srt; n=\the\n.}
    \immediate\write16{Transform 
         index.srt-->index.elm.}
    \tawfiletofile{index.srt}{\the
                   \indexfile}}}
%Set up set of \srtkeys
\def\setupsrtkeys{\ea
 \sok\the\srtkeypairs\kos\relax}
%;vrblin=150
\def\pasteupindex{%Nov 1994, cgl
%Purpose:
%To set index in (balanced) doublecolumn.
%The index is preceded by contents of
%\preindex and followed by contents of
%\postindex.
%Input: default index.elm is set
%       (file specified in \indexfile).
%Biased by manmac's \begindoublecolumns 
 \newpage \begingroup\def\space{{\tt\char32 }}%
 \the\preindex\par
 \pageheight\vsize
 \pagewidth\pagewd%anachronism
 \parindent1em
 \output={\global\setbox\partialpage=
  \vbox{\unvbox255\bigskip}}%
 \eject
 \output={\bluedoublecolumnout}%
 \hsize=8.5cm \vsize=51cm%blue.fmt values
 \parskip0pt plus.8pt\relax
 \obeylines\everypar{%
    \hangindent2\parindent}%
 \let\par\endgraf
 \let\sub\endgraf
 \input\the\indexfile\relax
%endpasteupindex part biased by
%manmac's \enddoublecolumns
 \output={\balancecolumns}\eject 
 \endgroup
 \pagegoal=\vsize\the\postindex}
%Add an element #1 to toks var #2
\def\add#1to#2{#2\ea{\the#2#1}}
%Inner level
%IR creation
\let\spaceseparator\space
%;vrblin=200
\def\makexref{\ifproofmode%Mod cgl oct 94
 \bgroup\def\ {\string\ }%
 \def\process##1{\def##1{\string##1 }}%
  \ea\ea\ea\fifo\ea\the\ea\conseqs
                \the\srtkeys\ofif
 \def\process##1{\def##1{\string##1}}%
 \ea\fifo\the\consyms\ofif
 \xdef\writeit{\write\inx{\text{}
    !\xreftype\spaceseparator
    \nx\number\pageno.}}\writeit
 \egroup
 \else\ifhmode\kern0pt\fi\fi
 \ifsilent\ignorespaces\else{\next}\fi}
%Sorting 
%;vrblin=250
\def\cmpir#1#2{%#1, #2 defs
%Result: \status= 0, 1, 2 if
%        \val{#1} =, >, < \val{#2}
%\immediate\write16{Compared are: *#1* 
%                   and *#2*}%
\ea\ea\ea\decom\ea#1#2}
\def\nxtwindex#1#2{%
%Function:
%On input: #1 contains the `word'
%As result: #2 contains the value
%   of the first non-ignored token as given 
%   in the ordering table.
%#1 contains the rest of the `word'
 \def\pop##1##2\pop{%
 \gdef#1{##2}\def\pophead{##1}}%head and tail
 \ea\pop#1\pop%split in head and tail
 \ignores\ea\ea\ea{\ea
  \the\ea\conseqs\the\consyms}%
 \ea\loc\pophead{\the\ignores}%
 \iffound\ifx\empty#1 \chardef#2=0
         \else\nxtwindex#1#2 \fi
 \else
 \ea\loc\pophead{\the\srtkeys}%
  \iffound\xdef\pophead{\pophead}%
    \ea\ea\ea\gdef\ea\ea\ea#1\ea\ea\ea
      {\ea\pophead#1}%
    \nxtwindex#1#2
  \else
  \ea\let\ea#2\csname ot\pophead\endcsname
  \fi
 \fi}
\def\otindex{%Parameters: Ordering `table'
%Special cases
\ea\chardef\csname ot \endcsname=0 
\ea\chardef\csname ot\space\endcsname=0 
%{|}~(\char126) in ASCII after lowercase
%^ active character
%Bulk according to ACII
\def\process##1{\ea\chardef
   \csname ot##1\endcsname=`##1 }
%lowercase letters
\fifo abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\ofif
\chardef\otij=`y \chardef\otIJ=`y
%other characters
\fifo !"##$&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@
      []_`\ofif
%uppercase letters equal lowercase
\def\process##1{\ea\chardef
  \csname ot##1\endcsname=\lccode`##1 }
\uppercase{\fifo 
  abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\ofif}
%Range reduction
%;vrblin=400
\def\redrngtofile#1{%Reduction of \1,...,\n, 
%with range representation of page numbers
\immediate\openout\inx=#1
 {\k1\kk0 \ifnum\n>0 
 \ea\ea\ea\splitwn\csname\the\k\endcsname
 \let\refer\word
 \let\nrsrng\empty\prcrng\num\fi
 \loop\ifnum\k<\n\advance\k1
  \ea\ea\ea\splitwn\csname\the\k\endcsname
  \ifx\refer\word%extend \nrsrng with number
    \prcrng\num
  \else%write record to \kk
   \advance\kk1 \strnrs
   \immediate\write\inx{\refer\spaceseparator
      \nrsrng.}% 
   \let\nrsrng\empty\init\num
   \prcrng\num\let\refer\word
  \fi
 \repeat\ifnum1<\n
  \advance\kk1 \strnrs
  \immediate\write\inx{\refer\spaceseparator
    \nrsrng.}% 
 \global\n\kk\fi
 }\immediate\closeout\inx}
%Copying
%;vrblin=500
\def\filetoarray#1{%#1 is file name
 \immediate\openin\inxin=#1\relax 
 \ifeof\inxin\immediate\write16{File #1 empty 
   or non-existent.}%
 \fi \n\kzero\continuetrue
 \loop\ifeof\inxin\continuefalse\fi
 \ifcontinue\advance\n1 \immediate
 \read\inxin t\ea o\csname\the\n\endcsname
%\immediate\write16{k: \number\n: 
%     \csname\the\n\endcsname}%
 \repeat\advance\n-1
 \immediate\closein\inxin}
\def\tawfiletofile#1#2{\continuetrue
 \immediate\openin\inxin=#1\relax
 \immediate\openout\inx=#2\relax
 \loop\read\inxin to\IR
   \ifeof\inxin\continuefalse\fi
 \ifcontinue\trfandwrite\IR
 \repeat
 \immediate\closein\inxin
 \immediate\closeout\inx
\def\setupnxtokens{%
 \def\process##1{\def##1{\nx##1}}%
  \ea\ea\ea\fifo\ea\the\ea\conseqs
                \the\srtkeys\ofif
 \def\process##1{\def##1{\string##1}}%
 \ea\fifo\the\consyms\ofif
\def\trfandwrite#1{\ea\splitintoks#1%
 \immediate\write\inx{\nx\noindent
  \ifcase\digit{\the\indword}\or
   {\nx\tt\the\indword}\or
   {\nx\tt\char92\hbox{\the\indword}}\or
   $\nx\langle\hbox{\the\indword}\nx\rangle
    $\fi\spaceseparator\pagenrs.}}
\def\splitintoks#1 !#2 #3.{\indword{#1}%
  \chardef\digit=#2\relax\def\pagenrs{#3}}
%Typesetting;vrblin=600
\def\bluedoublecolumnout{%
%Biased by manmac's doublecolumnout
 \splittopskip=\topskip
 \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth \dimen@=25cm
 \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage
 \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
 \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
 \blueonepageout\pagesofar
 \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty}
\def\blueonepageout#1{%
%Biased by manmac's \onepageout
 \shipout\vbox{% 
 \vbox to\baselineskip{\null
         \the\headline\vss}%
 \kern2ex
 \vbox to \pageheight{#1}% 
 \kern1ex
 \the\footline
 }\advancepageno}
%Auxiliaries;vrblin=700
%SetOfKeys
\def\sok#1#2{%Function:
%Build from \srtkeykpairs \srtkeys
%via \ea\sok\srtkeypairs\kos\relax
\ifx#1\kos\kos\fi
  \srtkeys\ea{\the\srtkeys#1}\sok}
\def\kos#1\sok{\fi}
\def\sokdef#1#2{%Function:
%Build from \srtkeypairs srtkey defs
\ifx#1\fedkos\fedkos\fi
  \def#1{#2}\sokdef}
\def\fedkos#1\sokdef{\fi}
%;nonum
%Table of contents: blue.ind 
%Variables
%Table of contents: blue.ind 
%Variables
%   \indexname................8, 19
%   \preindex.................9, 20
%   \postindex................10, 21
%   \indword..................3
%   \indexfile................4, 19
%   \irfile...................6, 18
%   \conseqs..................11, 24-25
%   \consyms..................12, 26
%   \srtkeys..................13, 30
%   \srtkeypairs..............14, 28-29
%   \ignores..................15
%User level macros
%   \sortindex................101-125
%   \pasteupindex.............151-183
%   \add#1to#2................186
%   \setupsrtkeys.............127-129
%Lower level macros
%IR Creation
%   \makexref.................201-214
%Sorting
%   \cmpir....................251-256
%   \nxtwindex................258-282
%   \otindex..................284-304
%Range reduction 
%   \redrngtofile.............401-424
%Copying
%   \filetoarray..............501-512
%   \tawfiletofile............514-523
%   \trfandwrite..............533-539
%   \steupnxtokens............525-531
%   \splitintoks..............541-542
%OTR doublecolumns
%   \bluedoublecolumnout......601-609
%   \blueonepageout...........611-620
%Auxiliaries
%   \sok......................701-705
%   \sokdef...................706-711
%History of changes
%Nov    1994 Set up.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%index%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%gkppic%
%From gkpmac (line diagrams)
% `Pictures (a subset of \LaTeX's 
%  conventions)'
%These macros have been used for typesetting
%`Concrete Mathematics,' among others.
%          cgk@rc.service.rug.nl  ;numvrb
%\catcode`@=11 % borrow the private macros 
%              % of PLAIN (with care)
\newskip\hsssglue 
\hsssglue=0pt plus 1fill minus 1fill 
\def\hsss{\hskip\hsssglue}
\newdimen\unitlength 
\newdimen\linethickness
\newdimen\@picheight \newdimen\@xdim 
\newdimen\@ydim \newdimen\@len \newdimen\@save
\newcount\@multicount \newcount\@xarg 
\newcount\@yarg\newbox\@picbox \newbox\@mpbox
\font\tenln=line10     \font\tenlnw=linew10
\font\tencirc=lcircle10 
\font\tencircw=lcirclew10
\font\smallln=linew10 scaled 483 % magstep-4
\def\thinlines{\let\linefont=\tenln 
  \let\circlefont=\tencirc
  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
\def\thicklines{\let\linefont=\tenlnw 
  \let\circlefont=\tencircw
  \linethickness=\fontdimen8\linefont}
\thinlines
\def\gkpbeginpicture(#1,#2)(#3,#4){\begingroup
\@picheight=#2\unitlength \let\line=\@line
  \setbox\@picbox=\hbox to#1\unitlength
  \bgroup\kern-#3\unitlength 
  \lower#4\unitlength\hbox\bgroup
  \ignorespaces}
\def\gkpendpicture{\egroup\hss\egroup
  \ht\@picbox=\@picheight \dp\@picbox=\z@
  \leavevmode\box\@picbox\endgroup}
\def\put(#1,#2)#3{\raise#2\unitlength
  \rlap{\kern#1\unitlength #3}\ignorespaces}
\def\multiput(#1,#2)(#3,#4)#5#6{\@multicount
 =#5\@xdim=#1\unitlength \@ydim=#2\unitlength 
\setbox\@mpbox=\hbox{#6}%
 \loop\ifnum\@multicount>0
   \raise\@ydim\rlap{\kern\@xdim 
   \unhcopy\@mpbox}%
   \advance\@xdim#3\unitlength 
   \advance\@ydim#4\unitlength
   \advance\@multicount\m@ne 
   \repeat\ignorespaces}
%makebox is replaced because its reference
%point does not coincide with LaTeX's
%\def\makebox(#1,#2)#3{\setbox\@picbox=
%  \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hss#3\hss}%
%  \advance\@ydim-\dp\@picbox
%  \ht\@picbox=#2\unitlength 
%  \dp\@picbox=\z@
%  \leavevmode\lower.5\@ydim\box\@picbox}
\def\makebox(#1,#2)#3{%
  \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hss
    \vbox to#2\unitlength{\vss
      \hbox{#3}\vss}\hss}}
%LaTeX's framebox is added
\def\framebox(#1,#2)#3{\setbox0=
  \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hss
   \vbox to#2\unitlength{\vss
     \hbox{#3}\vss}\hss}%
     \makelightbox\kern-\wd0\box0}
\newif\ifneg
\def\@line(#1,#2)#3{\@xarg=#1 \@yarg=#2 
 \@len=#3\unitlength \leavevmode
 \ifnum\@xarg<0 \reverseline \else 
         \negfalse \@ydim=\z@\fi
   \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vline
   \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hline 
      \else\@sline\fi\fi
\ifneg\kern-\@len\else\@save=\@ydim\fi}
\def\reverseline{\negtrue \kern-\@len 
 \@xarg=-\@xarg
 \@ydim=\@len \multiply\@ydim\@yarg 
  \divide\@ydim\@xarg \@yarg=-\@yarg}
\def\@hline{\vrule height.5\linethickness 
  depth.5\linethickness width\@len}
\def\@vline{\kern-.5\linethickness\vrule 
  width\linethickness
  \ifnum\@yarg<0 height\z@ depth\else 
        depth\z@ height\fi\@len
  \kern-.5\linethickness}
\def\@sline{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\linefont 
 \count@=\@xarg \multiply\count@ 8
 \ifnum\@yarg>0 \advance\count@\@yarg 
                \advance\count@-9
 \else \advance\count@-\@yarg 
       \advance\count@ 55 \fi 
 \immediate\write0{count@=\the\count@}%
 \char\count@}%
 \ifnum\@yarg<0 \@picheight=-\ht\@picbox 
                \advance\@ydim\@picheight
 \else \@picheight=\ht\@picbox \fi
 \@xdim=\wd\@picbox \@save=\@ydim
%\hbox to0pt{\hss$\bullet$\hss}%
 \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len 
   \raise\@ydim\copy\@picbox
   \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox
   \advance\@ydim\@picheight%\immediate
   %\write0{x, y: \the\@xdim, \the\@ydim}%
 \repeat
 \advance\@xdim-\@len \kern-\@xdim
 \multiply\@xdim\@yarg 
 \divide\@xdim\@xarg 
 \advance\@ydim-\@xdim
%Mod cgl June 94
 \ifdim\@len<\ht\@picbox
 \kern\wd\@picbox\else
 \raise\@ydim\box\@picbox\fi}
\def\vector(#1,#2)#3{\@line(#1,#2){#3}%
 \ifnum\@xarg=0 \@vvector 
 \else\ifnum\@yarg=0 \@hvector 
      \else\@svector\fi\fi}
\def\@hvector{\ifneg\rlap{\linefont\char
 27}\else\smash{\llap{\linefont\char45}}\fi
 } % we have to smash because of font bug
\def\@vvector{\ifnum\@yarg<0 
 \raise-\@len\rlap{\linefont\char63}%
 \else\setbox\@picbox=\rlap{\linefont
   \char54}\advance\@len-\ht\@picbox
   \raise\@len\box\@picbox\fi}
\def\@svector{\setbox\@picbox=\hbox
 to\z@{\linefont
 \ifnum\@yarg<0 \count@=55 \@yarg=-\@yarg 
 \else\count@=-9 \fi
 \ifneg\multiply\@xarg16 \multiply\@yarg2
 \else\hss % \llap
  \ifnum\@xarg>2 \multiply\@xarg9 
                 \multiply\@yarg2 
                 \advance\count@29
  \else\ifnum\@yarg>2 \multiply\@xarg16 
                      \multiply\@yarg9 
                      \advance\count@-20
   \else\multiply\@xarg24 \multiply\@yarg3 
 \fi\fi\fi
  \advance\count@\@xarg 
  \advance\count@\@yarg \char\count@
  \ifneg\hss\fi}% \rlap
 \raise\@save\box\@picbox}
\def\disk#1{\@len=#1\unitlength 
 \count@='160 \@diskcirc}
\def\circle#1{\@len=#1\unitlength 
 \count@='140 \@diskcirc}
\def\@diskcirc{\setbox\@picbox=
 \hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}%
 \@xdim=\wd\@picbox \leavevmode 
 \ifdim\@len>15.499\@xdim \@bigdc 
 \else \@smalldc\fi}
\def\@bigdc{\ifnum\count@<'160 \@bigcirc
 \else \@len=15\@xdim \@diskcirc\fi}
\def\@smalldc{{\advance\@len-.5\@xdim
 \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len 
  \advance\count@\@ne 
  \advance\@xdim\wd\@picbox
 \repeat
 \hbox{\circlefont\char\count@}}}
\def\@bigcirc{{\circlefont\count@=15
 \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char\count@
                 }\@xdim=\wd\@picbox
 \ifdim\@len>2.5\@xdim \@len=2.5\@xdim\fi
 \advance\@len-.125\wd\@picbox
 \loop\ifdim\@xdim<\@len 
   \advance\count@4 
   \advance\@xdim.25\wd\@picbox
 \repeat
 \@ydim=.5\@xdim 
 \advance\@ydim.5\linethickness
 \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\hbox{\char
   \count@\advance\count@-3\char\count@}%
  \nointerlineskip
  \hbox{\advance\count@\m@ne\char
   \count@\advance\count@\m@ne
   \char\count@}}%
 \kern-\@ydim\lower\@ydim\box\@picbox}}
\newif\ifovaltl \newif\ifovaltr 
\newif\ifovalbl \newif\ifovalbr
\ovaltltrue \ovaltrtrue 
\ovalbltrue \ovalbrtrue
\def\oval(#1,#2){\@xdim=#1\unitlength 
                 \@ydim=#2\unitlength
 {\circlefont 
  \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char0}
 \ifdim\@xdim<\wd\@picbox 
    \@xdim=\wd\@picbox\fi
 \ifdim\@ydim<\wd\@picbox 
    \@ydim=\wd\@picbox\fi
 \@save=\@xdim 
 \ifdim\@ydim<\@save \@save=\@ydim \fi
 \count@=39
 \loop \setbox\@picbox=\hbox{\char
  \count@}\ifdim\@save<\wd\@picbox
  \advance\count@-4 
 \repeat
 \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height\ht
  \@picbox depth\dp\@picbox width\z@
   \kern\wd\@picbox}%
 \@save=.5\wd\@picbox 
 \advance\@save-.5\linethickness
 \setbox0=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovaltl
    \char\count@\else\strut\fi
  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height
  \ifovaltl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
  \hfil
  \leaders\hrule height\ifovaltr
  \linethickness\else\z@\fi
  \hfil\kern\@save
  \ifovaltr\advance\count@-3
    \char\count@\else\strut\fi
  \kern-\wd\@picbox}%
  \advance\count@\m@ne
 \setbox2=\hbox to\@xdim{\ifovalbl
  \char\count@\else\strut\fi
  \kern-\@save\leaders\hrule height
  \ifovalbl\linethickness\else\z@\fi
  \hfil
  \leaders\hrule height
  \ifovalbr\linethickness\else
    \z@\fi\hfil\kern\@save
  \ifovalbr\advance\count@\m@ne
    \char\count@\else\strut\fi
  \kern-\wd\@picbox}%
 \@save=\@ydim 
 \advance\@save-\wd\@picbox 
 \divide\@save 2
 \setbox\@picbox=\vbox{\box0
  \nointerlineskip
  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save 
    width\ifovaltl\linethickness
         \else\z@\fi
    \hfil\ifovaltr\vrule 
    width\linethickness
    \kern-\linethickness\fi}%
  \nointerlineskip
  \hbox to\@xdim{\vrule height\@save 
    width\ifovalbl\linethickness
         \else\z@\fi
    \hfil\ifovalbr\vrule 
    width\linethickness
    \kern-\linethickness\fi}%
   \nointerlineskip\box2}%
  \@save=.5\@ydim 
  \advance\@save.5\linethickness 
  \leavevmode
  \kern-.5\@xdim 
  \kern-.5\linethickness 
  \lower\@save\box\@picbox}}
\def\begincpic#1\endcpic{\vcenter{\hbox
  {\beginpicture#1\endpicture}}}
% Squines (quadratic splines)
% example of use: to plot f(x) between 
% x0 and x1, you can say
% \put(0,0){\squine(x0,xm,x1,y0,ym,y1)}, 
% where y0=f(x0), y1=f(x1)
% xm=(y0-y1+s1x1-s0x0)/(s1-s0), 
% ym=(s0(s1x1-y1)-s1(s0x0-y0))/(s1-s0),
% s0=f'(x0), and s1=f'(x1).
\newdimen\@xi \newdimen\@xii 
\newdimen\@xiii \newdimen\@xiv
\newdimen\@xpt \newdimen\@xoldpt
\newdimen\@yi \newdimen\@yii 
\newdimen\@yiii \newdimen\@yiv
\newdimen\@ypt \newdimen\@yoldpt
\def\squineelem{.}
%\def\squineelem{\tencirc q}
\def\squine(#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6){\setbox
 \@picbox\hbox{\squineelem}%
 \global\@xoldpt=#1\unitlength 
 \global\@yoldpt=#4\unitlength 
 \kern\@xoldpt
 \@xi=\@xoldpt 
 \@xii=#2\unitlength 
 \@xiii=#3\unitlength
 \@yi=\@yoldpt 
 \@yii=#5\unitlength 
 \@yiii=#6\unitlength
 \squinerec
 \@xpt=#3\unitlength 
 \@ypt=#6\unitlength 
 \@addpoint
 \raise\@ypt\copy\@picbox}
\newif\iffar
\def\squinerec{\farfalse 
 \testnear\@xi\@xiii \testnear\@yi\@yiii
 \iffar \decast \fi}
\def\testnear#1#2{\@save=#1\advance
 \@save-#2%
 \ifdim\@save<\z@ \@save=-\@save\fi 
 \ifdim\@save>\p@ \fartrue \fi}
\def\decast{\@xpt=\@xi 
 \advance\@xpt\@xii \divide\@xpt2
 \advance\@xii\@xiii \divide\@xii2
 \@xiv=\@xpt 
 \advance\@xiv\@xii 
 \divide\@xiv2
 \@ypt=\@yi 
 \advance\@ypt\@yii 
 \divide\@ypt2
 \advance\@yii\@yiii 
 \divide\@yii2
 \@yiv=\@ypt 
 \advance\@yiv\@yii 
 \divide\@yiv2
 \begingroup\@xii=\@xpt \@xiii=\@xiv
  \@yii=\@ypt \@yiii=\@yiv 
  \squinerec\endgroup
 \@xpt=\@xiv \@ypt=\@yiv \@addpoint
 \@xi=\@xiv \@yi=\@yiv \squinerec}
\def\@addpoint{%
 %\message{(\the\@xpt,\the\@ypt)}%
 \global\advance\@xoldpt-\@xpt 
 \wd\@picbox=-\@xoldpt
 \raise\@yoldpt\copy\@picbox 
 \global\@xoldpt=\@xpt 
 \global\@yoldpt=\@ypt}
%Additions%;vrblin399
\newtoks\xdim \newtoks\ydim
\newtoks\xoffset \newtoks\yoffset
\newtoks\everypicture
\newtoks\thispicture
\xoffset{0}\yoffset{0}%defaults
\def\beginpicture{\bgroup
 \the\everypicture\the\thispicture
 \gkpbeginpicture(\the\xdim,\the\ydim)%
   (\the\xoffset,\the\yoffset)}
\def\endpicture{\gkpendpicture\egroup
   \global\thispicture{}}
%\endinput %;nonum
%Contents Picture environm. named
%gkppic.        cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Dimensions
%  \unitlength......................7 
%  \linethickness...................8
%  \@picheight......................9
%  \@xdim, \@ydim................9-10 
%  \@xarg, \@yarg, \@len........10-12 
%  \@save..........................10 
%  \@picbox........................12 
%  \@mpbox.........................12
%  \@xi, \@xii, \@xiii, \@xiv.270-271
%  \@xpt, \@xoldpt................272
%  \@yi, \@yii, \@yiii, \@yiv.273-274
%  \@ypt, \@yoldpt................275
%Newifs
%  \ifneg..........................70
%  \ifovaltl, \ifovaltr...........185
%  \ifovalbl, \ifovalbr...........186
%  \iffar.........................297
%Fonts
%  \tenln, \tenlnw.................14
%  \tencirc, \tencircw..........15-16
%  \smallln........................17
%Size switching
%  \thinlines, \thicklines......19-25
%Picture environment
%  \beginpicture
%     (and \line in there)......27-32
%  \endpicture..................33-35
%  \begincpic, \endcpic.......258-259
%  \put.........................37-38
%  \multiput....................40-49
%Picture elements
%  \makebox.....................59-62
%  \framebox....................64-68
%  \@line.......................71-78
%  \reverseline.................79-82
%  \@hline......................84-85
%  \@vline......................86-90
%  \@sline.....................92-115
%  \vector....................117-120
%  \@hvector..................121-123
%  \@vvector..................124-128
%  \@svector..................130-147
%  \disk......................149-150
%  \circle....................151-152
%  \@diskcirc.................153-157
%  \@bigdc....................158-159
%  \@smalldc..................160-165
%  \@bigcirc..................166-183
%  \oval......................189-256
%Curves
%  \squineelem................276-277
%  \squine....................278-293
%  \squinerec.................295-297
%  \testnear..................298-301
%  \decast....................302-320
%  \@addpoint.................321-327
%Additions, compatible blue.fmt conventions
%Newtoks
%  \xdim, \ydim, 
%  \xoffset, \yoffset.........400-401
%\everypicture, \thispicture..402-403
%\beginpicture................406-409
%\endpicture..................410-411
%History of changes
%Jun 94 Extensions added for compati-
%       bility with blue.fmt.
%       \makebox adapted to LaTeX.
%       \framebox added.
%       \@sline adapted for case
%       \@len less then \ht\@picbox 
%       (suppress line
%       element but kern conditionally.)
%       The `dot' element in \squine has 
%       been parameterized and initialized
%       differently.
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%gkppic%
%%%%%%%%%  Amy's Diagonal line %%%%%%%%%%
\newif\ifminuswd
\newif\ifminusht
\newbox\dotwide
\newbox\dotbox
\newdimen\savehtofdiagline
\newdimen\htofdiagline
\newdimen\wdofdiagline
\newdimen\dotmove
\newdimen\newsaveht
\newdimen\savewdofdiagline
\def\diagline #1 #2 wd #3 ht{%
%#1 dot, e.g. .
%#2 width in units, eg 2ex
%#3 height in units, eg 3ex
%Amy Hendrickson, TB6#2, 1985
%Comment: Line thickness varies over
%the direction, nearly verticals go wrong.
\global\setbox\dotwide=\hbox{#1}%
\global\setbox\dotbox=
   \hbox to0pt{\hss#1\hss}%
\global\wdofdiagline=#2\relax%
\ifdim\wdofdiagline<1sp
   \global\minuswdtrue
   \global\advance\wdofdiagline
                by-2\wdofdiagline
\else\global\minuswdfalse%Robustness
\fi% turn neg dim to positive
\global\htofdiagline=#3\relax%
\ifdim\htofdiagline<1sp
   \global\advance\htofdiagline
   by-2\htofdiagline\global\minushttrue
\else\global\minushtfalse%Robustness
\global\dotmove=1pt%%
\setbox1=\hbox{%
   \global\divide\htofdiagline
    by\the\wdofdiagline\relax}%
\ifminuswd\rlap\bgroup%
\else\bgroup\fi%
\loop\ifdim\htofdiagline>.4pt%CGL mod
\global\divide\htofdiagline by2%
\global\divide\dotmove by2\repeat%
\global\savehtofdiagline=\htofdiagline%
\loop\ifdim\wdofdiagline>0pt%
\hskip\ifminuswd-\dotmove%
      \else\dotmove\fi%
\ifminusht\lower\else\raise\fi%
      \htofdiagline\copy\dotbox%
\global\advance\htofdiagline
          by\savehtofdiagline%
\global\advance\wdofdiagline
          by-\dotmove\repeat%
\egroup%
}% end diagonal line
\def\amyicurt#1#2{%IConUpperRightTriangle
%#1 is ht of icon matrix,
%with UT the upper triangular part, e.g. 4ex
%#2 is wd of icon (upper triangular)
%matrix, e.g. 2ex
\vbox to #1{\hrule
   \hbox{\diagline . #2 wd -#2 ht\vrule}%
   \vfil}%
}%end amyicurt
%endamy's diagline%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%trs%
%trs.tex from BLUe's Transparencies
%                   cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Purpose: Preparing transparencies from 
%   TeX marked up copy.
%                              ;numvrb
%;numvrb
%New toks           
\newtoks\identification 
\newtoks\crowner
\newtoks\headtitle 
\newtoks\subheadtitle 
\newtoks\subsubheadtitle
%New glues
\newskip\leftskiptrs
 \leftskiptrs.2\hsize\relax
\newskip\rightskiptrs
 \rightskiptrs.1\hsize\relax
%;vrblin100
\def\transparencies{\onecol
\font\titlefont=cmr12 scaled1440\relax
\font\subheadfont=cmr12 scaled1200\relax
\font\subsubheadfont=cmr12 \relax
\let\headfont\subheadfont\font\ffont=cmr7\relax
\let\authorfont\subsubheadfont
\magnification1728 %2074
\def\large{\subheadfont\baselineskip3.25ex}
\let\small\eightpoint
\hsize=17.5truecm \vsize=19truecm
\hoffset-1truecm \voffset3.5truecm
\pagewd=\hsize
%Mark up title transparency;vrblin150
\def\begincontents{\global\setbox
   \contentsbox\vbox\bgroup
   \leftskip1.5\leftskiptrs
   \large\baselineskip3.5ex
   \everypar{$\bullet$\enspace}
   \obeylines}
\def\endcontents{\egroup}
%;vrblin175                            
\def\beginscript{\begincenter\bgroup
   \footline={}\headline={}
\message{\the\title}
   \the\everyscript\the\thisscript
   {\titlefont\the\title}
   \smallskip
   {\the\subtitle}\bigskip
   {\authorfont\the\author}
   \smallskip\the\address
   \bigskip$$\box\contentsbox$$}
\def\endscript{\nxttrs\endcenter\end}
%Mark up regular transparencies;vrblin200
\prehead{\nxttrs\egroup\pageno1 
 \prehead{\nxttrs}}
\posthead{\medskip}
\def\beginhead##1\endhead{\the\prehead
 \headtitle{##1}\subheadtitle{}
 \subsubheadtitle{}{\headfont##1}
 \the\posthead} 
\def\head##1{\beginhead##1\endhead}
%                          ;vrblin230      
\presubhead{\medbreak}
\postsubhead{\smallskip\nobreak}
\def\beginsubhead##1\endsubhead{%
 \subheadtitle{##1}\subsubheadtitle{}%
 \the\presubhead{\subheadfont##1}
 \the\postsubhead}
\def\subhead##1{\beginsubhead##1\endsubhead}
%                          ;vrblin260
\presubsubhead{\smallbreak}
\postsubsubhead{\smallskip\nobreak}
\def\beginsubsubhead##1\endsubsubhead{%
 \subsubheadtitle{##1}
 \the\presubsubhead{\subsubheadfont##1}%
 \the\postsubsubhead}
\def\subsubhead##1{%
 \beginsubsubhead##1\endsubsubhead}
%;vrblin300
\preverbatim{\leftskip\leftskiptrs
 \rightskip0pt plus1fil\relax}
%;vrblin330
\def\bitem{\bgroup\leftskip\leftskiptrs
  \rightskip0pt plus1fil\relax
  \def\bitem{\item{$\bullet$}}
  \def\smallbreak{\endgraf\egroup
      \smallbreak}
  \let\smallskip\smallbreak
  \bitem}
%;vrblin350
\let\bgnsyn\beginsyntax
\def\beginsyntax{\bgroup
 \leftskip\leftskiptrs
 \rightskip0pt plus 1fil\relax\bgnsyn}
\let\endsyn\endsyntax
\def\endsyntax{\endsyn\egroup}
%Header and footer         ;vrblin400
\headline={\line{\vbox to0pt{\vss
   \centerline{\titlefont\strut\the\title}
   \vskip2ex
   \line{\logo\hfill\vbox{%
     \llap{\strut\the\headtitle}
     \llap{\strut\the\subheadtitle}
     \llap{\strut\the\subsubheadtitle}}}
   \vskip1ex
   \hrule width\hsize height1pt
   }}%end hbox
}%end headline
%                          ;vrblin450
\footline={\vbox to 0pt{%
\leftskip0pt\rightskip0pt\relax
   \hrule width\hsize height1pt
   \vskip.5ex
   \hbox to\hsize{%
     \rlap{\small\the\identification}%
      \small\hfil--\the\pagenumber--\hfil
     \llap{\small\copyright\the\crowner}%
    }\vss}%end vbox
}%end footline
\identification{\today}
%Auxiliaries             ;vrblin500                          
\def\nxttrs{\vfil\eject}
\def\continue{\vfil
   \rightline{\dots continued}\eject}
%;vrblin550
\def\begincenter{\bgroup\smallskip
 \leftskip0pt plus1fil
 \rightskip0pt plus1fil
 \parfillskip0pt\obeylines}
\let\endcenter\egroup
\def\center##{\begincenter\bgroup
 \aftergroup\endcenter
 \afterassignment\ignorespaces
 \let\dummy=}                           
%Personalisation and defaults;vrblin600
\crowner{cgl}             
\author{Kees van der Laan}
\address{%
\centerline{Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB, Garnwerd}
\centerline{The Netherlands, 31 5941 1525} 
\centerline{cgl@rc.service.rug.nl}
\font\calx=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2
\def\logo{\vbox to 0pt{\vss
  \rlap{{\calx N}ederlandstalige}
  \rlap{\hskip1em{\calx T}\kern-.2ex
        \raise-.5ex\hbox{E}\kern.1exX}
  \rlap{\hskip2em{\calx G}ebruikersgroep}%
\pagenumber{\folio}
\overfullrule0pt\parindent0pt
%;vrblin998
}%end transparencies      %;nonum
%Contents trs.tex cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Fonts
%   \titlefont...................102
%   \subheadfont.................103
%   \subsubheadfont..............104
%   \large.......................107
%   \small.......................108
%Newtoks
%   \identification................2
%   \crowner.......................3
%   \headtitle.....................4
%   \subheadtitle..................5
%   \subsubheadtitle...............6
%Newskips
%  \leftskiptrs, \rightskiptrs..8-11                         
%The transparency format
% \transparencies............101-999
%Page size
%   \hsize, \vsize...............109
%   offsets......................110
%   \pagewd......................111
%Markup title
%   \begincontents...........151-156
%   \endcontents.................157
%   \beginscript.............176-185
%   \endscript...................186
%Markup regular transparencies
%   \prehead.................201-202
%   \beginhead\endhead.......205-208
%   \head........................210
%   \posthead....................203
%   \presubhead..................231
%   \beginsubhead\endsubhead.234-237
%   \subhead.....................239
%   \postsubhead.................232
%   \presubsubhead...............261
%   \beginsubsubhead
%        \endsubsubhead......264-268
%   \subsubhead..................270
%   \postsubsubhead..............262
%   \preverbatim.............301-302
%   \bitem...................331-337
%   \beginsyntax.............352-354
%   \endsyntax...................356
%Header and footer   
%   \headline................401-411
%   \footline................451-460
%   \identification..............462
%Auxiliaries
%   \nxttrs......................501
%   \continue................502-503
%   \begincenter.............551-554
%   \endcenter...................555
%   \center..................556-559
%Personalisation
%   \crowner.....................601
%   \author......................602
%   \address.................603-607
%   \calx........................608
%   \logo....................609-614
%   \pagenumber..................615
%History of changes
%Aug 1994 Centering markup automated
%Jul 1994 \contentsbox is used
%         \pagenumber introduced
%Jun 1994 More consistent with
%         blue.fmt.
%         \small is \eightpoint.
%         \begincontents...\endcontents
%Feb 1994 Release Version 1.0
%Example of use
%\title{Manmac BLUes}
%\subtitle={---how to typeset a book
%            via \TeX---}
%\contents{
%User's guide
%Coding
%\beginscript
%\head{Why?}
%To return to the roots...
%\head{User's Guide}
%Relative numbering
%\pagenumber{U\folio}\pageno=1
%...              
%\nxttrs    %Next transparency
%\subsubhead{Markup paragraphs}
%\continue%Continuation on next slide
%\head{Conclusions}
%\pagenumber{--x--}
%\bitem...
%\vfil
%\rightline{\vtop{\hbox{Thank you}
%                 \hbox{\cs{bye}}}}
%\endscript
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%trs%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%crs%
%From Typesetting crosswords via TeX
%EuroTeX 92, MAPS 92.1       
%NOTE In order to use natural input, 
%spaces except for the last one, and not
%let this choice for !] (space=\relax) 
%work through globally, start with
%\bgroup\obeyspaces\let =\relax
%\bdata
%<natural data>
%\edata
%$$\crw$$%(or \sol)
%\egroup
%;numvrb
\newif\ifpuzzle
\newcount\cnt \puzzletrue
\newdimen\csize\csize=3ex
%                            %;vrblin=99
\def\bdata{\bgroup\obeylines\obeyspaces%
\store}
\def\store#1\edata{\egroup\def\data{#1}}
%{\obeyspaces\global\let =\relax}
\def\usersize{}
%                            %;vrblin=199
{\catcode`\^=7 \catcode`\^^M=13 %local scope
\gdef\crw{\cnt=0\relax\boxit{\usersize%
\hrule\ea\fifol\data\lofif^^M}}
\gdef\sol{\boxit{\def\num{}\puzzlefalse%
\usersize\hrule\ea\fifol\data\lofif^^M}}
\gdef\fifol#1^^M{\ifx\lofif#1\lofif\fi%
\processl{#1}\fifol}}%end local scope% 
%                            %;vrblin=299
\def\lofif#1\fifol{\fi}
\def\processl#1{\hbox{\fifo#1\ofif}\hrule}
\def\fifo#1{\ifx\ofif#1\ofif\fi%
\process#1\fifo}  \def\ofif#1\fifo{\fi}
\def\process#1{\if*#1\cc\else%
\ifx\relax#1\cc\else%
\ifnum`#1=\uccode`#1\capchar#1\else%
\lowchar#1\fi\fi\fi}
\def\lowchar#1{\hbox to\csize{\vrule
height.8\csize depth.2\csize\relax%
\ifpuzzle\null\else\hss\uppercase{#1}%
\fi\hss\vrule}}
\def\capchar#1{\hbox to\csize{\vrule
height.8\csize depth.2\csize\relax%
\num\ifpuzzle\null\else\hss#1\fi%
\hss\vrule}}
\def\cc{\vrule height.8\csize depth%
.2\csize width\csize}
\def\num{\global\advance\cnt1\relax%
\vbox to.8\csize{\rlap{\kern1pt%
\fiverm\the\cnt\hss}\vfil}}%                           
%                            %;vrblin=399
\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule%
\vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}}%   cgl, oct92
%;nonum
%Contents
%\newif
%  \ifpuzzle.......................1
%\newcount
%  \cnt............................2 
%\newdimen
%  \csize..........................3
%Data
%  \bdata........................100
%  \store........................102
%  \edata........................102
%  \usersize.....................104
%  \crw..........................201
%  \sol..........................203
%Auxiliary
%  \fifol........................205
%  \process, \processl......305, 301
%  \lofif........................300
%  \lowchar......................309
%  \capchar......................313
%  \cc...........................317
%  \num..........................320
%  \boxit........................400
%History of changes
%July 1994 Incorporated in blue.fmt
%          and \global\let =\relax 
%          removed.
%Jan 1994 Submitted CTAN
%1992 Submitted to EuroTeX and MAPS
%end%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%crs%
%begin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%brd%
%Typesetting bridge publications 
%via (plain) TeX. Version May 92.
%The macros can als be used within LaTeX.
%Version: 1.1 March 1994 (basically 
%unmodified since publication in 1990)
%Author: Kees van der Laan
%        Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB, Garnwerd (Gr)
%        The Netherlands. 05941-1525, 
%        cgl@rc.service.rug.nl
%Examples of use have been published in 
%TUGboat, 11, 2, 265--276, and MAPS 91.2.
%(A few are appended at the end.)
%The macros consists of 3 indep. parts:
%- dec.tex   ((language) declarations,
%             used register and 
%             control sequences)
%- bid.tex   (macros for bidding and 
%             layout of games)
%- play.tex  (macros for discussing the 
%             course of a play)
%                         %;numvrb
%%%%%%%dec.tex%%%%%%%  
%Card definitions
\def\sp{$\spadesuit$}
\def\h{$\heartsuit$}
\def\d{$\diamondsuit$}
\def\cl{$\clubsuit$}
%(Toks register) control sequences
%for hands used by play macros:
%showgame, pc, strip
\let\NT\newtoks
\NT\hnd%Dynamically one of:
\NT\Ns\NT\Es\NT\Ss\NT\Ws
\NT\Nh\NT\Eh\NT\Sh\NT\Wh
\NT\Nd\NT\Ed\NT\Sd
      \NT\Wd %Beware! Already
%in TUGboat.sty in lower case
\NT\Nc\NT\Ec\NT\Sc\NT\Wc
\def\english{
%In central figure NESW
\def\N{N}\def\E{E}\def\S{S}\def\W{W}
%In heading bplay
\def\NS{NS}\def\EW{EW}
\def\TRICK{Trick}
%Definition of hands
%used by bbid
\def\FIH{North}\def\SEH{East}
\def\THH{South}\def\FOH{West}
}% end \english
\english%default
\def\LEADN{\gdef\FIP{N}\gdef\SEP{E}%
          \gdef\THP{S}\gdef\FOP{W}}
\def\LEADE{\gdef\FIP{E}\gdef\SEP{S}%
          \gdef\THP{W}\gdef\FOP{N}}
\def\LEADS{\gdef\FIP{S}\gdef\SEP{W}%
          \gdef\THP{N}\gdef\FOP{E}}
\def\LEADW{\gdef\FIP{W}\gdef\SEP{N}%
          \gdef\THP{E}\gdef\FOP{S}}
%Definition  of counters
%used by bplay
\newcount\trno%trick number
%Definition of dimensions
%used in bbid
\newdimen\wr %width column
\wr=7ex \relax
\def\bidwidth{4\wr}
%used in crdima
\newbox\NESW
\def\dutch{
\def\FIH{Noord}\def\SEH{Oost}
\def\THH{Zuid}\def\FOH{West}
\def\N{N}\def\E{O}\def\S{Z}
\def\W{W}\def\EW{OW}\def\NS{NZ}
\def\TRICK{Slag}
\setbox\NESW\hbox{\NESWfig}
}%end \dutch
\def\french{
\def\FIH{Nord}\def\SEH{Est}
\def\THH{Sud}\def\FOH{Ouest}
\def\N{N}\def\E{E}\def\S{S}
\def\W{O}\def\EW{EO}\def\NS{NS}
\def\TRICK{Lev\'ee}
\setbox\NESW\hbox{\NESWfig}
}%end \french
%end input dec.tex
%%%%%%%bid.tex%%%%%%%    
%Modified central figure
\def\hand#1#2#3#4{%
%Example: \hand{AKJ765}{AK9}{--}{T983}
\vtop{\hbox{\strut\sp\enspace#1}
\hbox{\strut\h\enspace#2}
\hbox{\strut\d\enspace#3}
\hbox{\strut\cl\enspace#4}}%end \vtop
}%end \hand
\def\crdima#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
%purpose: layout bridge hand
%#1 left upper text
%#2 right upper text
%#3, #4, #5, #6: N, E, S, W hands
\vbox{\halign{              &##\quad\cr
             #1&          #3&     #2\cr
 $\vcenter{#6}$&$\vcenter{\copy\NESW}$&
                      $\vcenter{#4}$\cr
               &          #5&       \cr
              }%end \halign
      }%end \vbox
}%end \crdima
\def\NESWfig{%
\hbox{\vrule
\vbox{\offinterlineskip\tabskip0pt
\hrule\kern.25ex\halign{\hskip.5ex
##\tabskip.5ex&\hfil##\hfil&
##\hskip.5ex  \tabskip0pt\cr
\noalign{\vskip.5ex}
  &\hbox to 2ex{\hss\N\hss}&  \cr
\noalign{\vskip.25ex}
\kern.25ex\W&              &\E\kern.25ex
\cr\noalign{\vskip.25ex}
  &\hbox to 2ex{\hss\S\hss}&  \cr
\noalign{\vskip.5ex}
       }%end \halign
\kern.25ex\hrule}%end \vbox
\vrule}%end \hbox
}% end \NESWfig
\setbox\NESW\hbox{\NESWfig}
\def\ebid{\errormessage{%
   bbid command is missing}}
\def\bbid{\bgroup%
 \def\ebid{\egroup\egroup\egroup}
 \def\alert{$^A$}
 \def\think{$\ldots$\thinspace}
 % etc.
 \vtop\bgroup
 \halign to\bidwidth\bgroup \tabskip2ex
      plus 1ex minus 1ex&    ##\hfil\cr
    \FIH\hfil& \SEH\hfil&
                 \THH\hfil&\FOH\hfil\cr
    \noalign{\vskip.5ex}
}%end \bbid
%end input bid.tex%
%%%%%%%play.tex%%%%%%%
%\input{play.tex} 
%Modified 11/11/91 Central table 
%\bplay etc
%      bplay, showgame, pc, strip
\def\eplay{\errormessage{%
   bplay command is missing}}
\def\bplay{\bgroup\global\trno=0
\def\eplay{\egroup\egroup}
\def\bintermezzo{\noalign\bgroup
                  \smallskip\noindent}
\def\eintermezzo{\smallskip\egroup}
\tabskip1ex plus 1fill
\halign to\hsize\bgroup
 \tabskip1ex plus 1ex minus 1ex
 \global\advance\trno by 1 %
 \hbox to.5\wr{\hss\the\trno\hss}%<=!
 \hbox to\wr{\pc\FIP##\hss}\hfil&
 \hbox to\wr{\pc\SEP##\hss}\hfil&
 \hbox to\wr{\pc\THP##\hss}\hfil&
 \hbox to\wr{\pc\FOP##\hss}\hfil
 \tabskip4ex plus2ex minus1ex&
 \hbox to.5\wr{\hss##\hss}
 \tabskip1ex plus 1ex minus 1ex&
 \hbox to.5\wr{\hss##\hss}
 \tabskip1ex plus 1fill\cr
 %End template line, next is headline
 \omit\hbox to1\wr{\TRICK\hss}\hfil&
   \omit\hfil&\omit\hfil&\omit\hfil&
   %Note only 3 \omits
               \NS&\EW\cr%Headline
}% end \bplay
\def\pc#1#2#3{%      Version 3/3/90
%Function: prints card #2#3 and
%          deletes it from player #1
%#1 the hand N, E, S, W(uppercase)
%#2 colour s, h, d, or c
%#3 card value A K Q ... 2, or x
%(or your (consistent/language) choice)
%%%% 1. Update hand \#1#2; e.g. \Ns %%%
\xdef\hnd{\csname #1#2\endcsname}
\strip{#3}{\hnd}%
%%%% 2. print card in table         %%%
\xdef\colour{\csname #2\if#2cl\else
   \if#2sp\fi\fi\endcsname}
\colour\thinspace #3%
% %Needed for immediate postfix mark(s)
}% end \pc
\def\strip#1#2{%        Version 3/3/90
%Function: deletes card value #1
%          from #2, i.e., \Ns, or ...
  \def\wis##1#1##2\wis{%
  %Function: #1 is deleted from argument
  %          in \wis ... \wis and result
  %          is assigned to \hnd
  %        (last card is replaced by --)
      \global\hnd={##1##2}
      \xdef\pa{##1} \xdef\pb{##2}
      \ifx\pa\empty {\ifx\pb\empty
         \global\hnd={--}% void colour
      \fi}\fi
   }% end \wis
   \expandafter\wis\the #2\wis
}% end \strip
\def\showgame{
%Purpose: Shows all cards still active
%       in the play, via \Ns, ..., \Wc,
%  (note use of upper case for players)
%Used: \crdima, \hand, \LFTINF, \RGTINF
%      \Ns, ..., \Wc
$$\crdima{\LFTINF}{\RGTINF}%
   {\hand{\the\Ns}{\the\Nh}{\the\Nd}%
         {\the\Nc}}%
   {\hand{\the\Es}{\the\Eh}{\the\Ed}%
         {\the\Ec}}%
   {\hand{\the\Ss}{\the\Sh}{\the\Sd}%
         {\the\Sc}}%
   {\hand{\the\Ws}{\the\Wh}{\the\Wd}%
         {\the\Wc}}%
$$}% end \showgame
%end input play.tex   % In total: 215 lines
%Examples: diagram, bidding, course of play.
%\hsize=.5\hsize
%1. Diagram
%$$\crdima{N/None}{\vtop{\hbox{Deal:}
%                 \hbox{demo}}}%
%  {\hand{J74}{AJ}{QJT2}{Q874}}%N
%  {\hand{K86}{T9542}{874}{T3}}%E
%  {\hand{QT952}{Q83}{AK5}{A6}}%S
%  {\hand{A3}{K76}{963}{KJ952}}%W
%2. Bidding
%$$\bbid
%1\cl\alert& ? no& 1\sp&\think no\cr
%       2\sp&  no& 4\sp&     a.p.\cr
%\noalign{\vskip.5ex}
%\alert\ means Alert,
%   conventional bid\hidewidth\cr
%? means explanation
%              asked\hidewidth\cr
%\think means think
%%              pause\hidewidth\cr
%\ebid $$
%3. Course of play
%\def\LFTINF{Puzzle}
%\def\RGTINF{\vtop{\hbox{6NT,}
%             \hbox{by East}}}
%\Ns={KQ76}\Es={T9}\Ss={8542}\Ws={AJ3}
%\Nh={J98} \Eh={A2}\Sh={QT74}\Wh={K653}
%\Nd={J942}\Ed={T5}\Sd={Q876}\Wd={AK3}
%\Nc={65}\Ec={KJ9xxxx}\Sc={2}\Wc={AQT}
%\showgame
%*Problem* How must NS defend in 
%order to guarantee 1 trick?
%*Solution* Start with a \h\
%lead in order to break communication.
%N must discard \h s
%and S must discard \sp s.
%\smallskip\noindent
%\LEADS
%\bplay
%%\noalign{\LEADS}
%h4! & hK & h8 & h2 & -- & 1\LEADW\cr
%%\noalign{\LEADW}
%cA  & c5 & cx & c2 & -- & 2\cr
%cQ  & c6 & cx & s2 & -- & 3\cr
%cT  & h9 & cK & s4 & -- & 4\LEADE\cr
%%\noalign{\LEADE}
%cJ  & s5 & s3 & s6 & -- & 5\cr
%c9  & s8 & h5 & s7 & -- & 6\cr
%cx  & d6 & sJ & d2 & -- & 7\cr
%\bintermezzo
%On lead of the next \cl\
%neither South nor North can be
%squeezed as can be seen from%
%\def\RGTINF{\vtop{\hbox{NS squeezed on}
%             \hbox{\c\ continuation?}}}
%\showgame
%with continuation
%\eintermezzo
%cx & h7 & h6 & hJ & -- & 8\cr
%dT & d7 & dA & d4 & -- & 9\LEADW\cr
%%\noalign{\LEADW}
%dK & d9 & d5 & d8 & -- & 10\cr
%h3 & dJ & hA & hT & -- & 11\LEADE\cr
%\noalign{\LEADE}
%sT & hQ & sA & sQ & -- & 12\LEADW\cr
%\noalign{\LEADW}
%d3 & sK & s9 & dQ & 1  & 12\cr
%\eplay
%\bye                         %;nonum
%%%Contents
%Declarations.
%  Newtoks, \NT alias.............10
%     \hnd, \Ns, \Es, \Ss, \Ws....12
%           \Nh, \Eh, \Sh, \Wh....13
%           \Nd, \Ed, \Sd, \Wd....14
%           \Nc, \Ec, \Sc, \Wc....17
%  \english....................19-30
%  \dutch......................51-58
%  \french.....................60-67
%     \N, \E, \S, \W..............21 
%     \NS, \EW....................23
%     \TRICK......................24
%     \FIH, \SEH, \THH, \FOH...27-28
%  \sp, \h, \cl, \d..............3-6
%  \LEADN \LEADE \LEADS \LEADW 32-38
% Newcount 
%     \trno.......................42
% Newdimen
%     \wr.........................46 
%     \bidwidth{4\wr}.............47
% Newbox
%    \NESW...................49, 111
% \hand........................72-78
% \crdima......................80-92
% \bbid, \ebid......116-127, 113-114
%   \alert.......................118
%   \think.......................119
%%%%%%%play.tex%%%%%%%
% \bplay, \eplay....138-162, 135-136
% \bintermezzo, \eintermezzo 140-142
% \pc........................164-178
%   \hnd.........................172
%   \colour......................175
% \strip.....................182-196
% \showgame..................198-213
% Examples
%   diagram..................219-226
%   bidding..................227-238
%   course of play...........239-289
%History of changes
%July 1994 \c and \s changed into 
%          \cl and \sp, 
%          \colour adapted
%March 1994 Prepared for NTG's CD-ROM
%           Examples of use added
%           NESW figure adapted
%Jan   1994 Submitted to CTAN.
%\catcode`\@=12
\endinput
\global\advance\count0-1 \dump